ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe aim of this article is to assess the innovation performance of innovative small, medium-sized, and large enterprises operating in the manufacturing industry in two European countries – the Czech Republic (CR) and Finland, and to determine their position within the EU based on a comparison with average values of created Fictitious EU Country (FEUC). The FEUC includes the indicators and population of the EU member countries whose data were available. The performed analysis is based on the use of selected key performance indicators (related mainly to inputs that are expected to contribute to innovations) evaluating the enterprises´ innovation performance. The conducted research tries to identify the most significant drivers of innovation performance with regard to the size group of enterprises. Moreover, the achieved results are further compared within the innovation environment of the CR and Finland as well as the EU as a whole. It is worth highlighting the innovation resources of Finnish mainly small but partly also medium-sized enterprises, which in some monitored indicators occupy a much more significant share than in the case of the CR. This fact can indicate a particular signal, which size group of enterprises should become a target group of public support aiming to boost innovation performance.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2021_2_01.pdf2021-12-3172110.15240/tul/004/2021-2-001InnovationInnovation performanceManufacturing industryCzech RepublicFinlandEUPetrBlaschkepetr.blaschke@tul.cz1Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Marketing and TradeAUTHORJaroslavDemeljaroslav.demel@tul.cz2Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Marketing and TradeAUTHORIouriKotoroviouri.kotorov@karelia.fi3 Karelia University of Applied Sciences, Department of International BusinessAUTHORFELDMAN, M.: The Significance of Innovation. Swedish Institute for Growth Policy Studies. 2004. [accessed 2021-10-02]. Available from WWW: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228458917_The_Significance_of_Innovation# fullTextFileContent1SCHUMPETER, J. A.: The Theory of Economic Development. 1911. [accessed 2021- 09-24]. Available from WWW: https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=97806748799042ARROW, K. J. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing. The Review of Economic Studies. 1962, Vol. 29, Issue 3, pp. 155–173.310.2307/2295952AGHION, P.; HOWITT, P.: A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction. Econometrica. 1992, Vol. 60, Issue 2, pp. 323–351.410.2307/2951599BLASCHKE, P.; DEMEL, J.: Innovation Activities of Foreign Companies Presented in the Liberec Region. Liberec Economic Forum 2019. Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, 2019, pp. 102–110. ISBN 978-80-7494-482-6.5BLASCHKE, P.; DEMEL, J.; KOTOROV, I.: Innovation Performance of Small, Medium-Sized, and Large Enterprises in Czechia and Finland. Liberec Economic Forum 2021. Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, 2021, pp. 21–29. ISBN 978-80- 7494-578-6.6GUAN, J.; ZUO, K: A cross-country comparison of innovation efficiency. Scientometrics. 2014, Vol. 100, Issue 2, pp. 541–575.710.1007/s11192-014-1288-5KLEWITZ J.; HANSEN, E. G.: Sustainability-oriented innovation of SMEs: a systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2014, Vol. 65, pp. 57–75810.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.017EUROPEAN COMMISSION: 2019 SBA Fact Sheet Finland. 2019. [accessed 2021-07- 20]. Available from WWW: https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/38662/attachments/10/translations/en/renditio ns/native9MOHNEN, P.; MAIRESSE, J.; DAGENAIS, M.: Innovativity: A comparison across seven European countries. Economics of Innovation and New Technology. 2006, Vol. 15, Issue 4–5, pp. 391–4131010.1080/10438590500512950TÖDTLING, F., KAUFMANN, A.: Innovation systems in regions of Europe—a comparative perspective. 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ISBN10: 1522558497. eISBN13: 9781522558507.2010.4018/978-1-5225-5849-1DIMA, A. M.: Handbook of Research on Trends in European Higher Education Convergence. IGI Global, 2014. ISBN13: 9781466659988. ISBN10: 146665998X. eISBN13: 9781466659995. 2110.4018/978-1-4666-5998-8THOMAS, B. C.; MURPHY, L. J.: Innovation and Social Capital in Organizational Ecosystems. IGI Global, 2019. ISBN13: 9781522577218. ISBN10: 1522577211. eISBN13: 9781522577225.2210.4018/978-1-5225-7721-8BLOCH, C.: Innovation indicators and performance: An analysis for Danish firms. IGNORed. 2008. Available from WWW: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228460520_Innovation_indicators_and_perfor mance_An_analysis_for_Danish_firms23ARUNDEL, A.: Innovation survey indicators: What impact on innovation policy? Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators in a Changing World. OECD, 2007.24AMARATUNGA, D.; BALDRY, D; SARSHAR, M.: Process improvement through performance measurement: the balanced scorecard methodology. Work Study. 2001, Vol. 50, Issue 5, pp. 179–189. ISSN: 0043-8022. 2510.1108/EUM0000000005677DZIALLAS, M.; BLIND, K.: Innovation indicators throughout the innovation process: An extensive literature analysis. Technovation. 2019, Vols. 80–81, pp. 3–29. 2610.1016/j.technovation.2018.05.005CONNECTS: NACE Codes: What Are They and Why Do They Always Matter? 2020. [accessed 2021-08-15]. Available from WWW: https://connects.world/nace-codes/27O’SULLIVAN, J.: Finland leads the world in innovation rankings. Good News from Finland. 2019. [accessed 2021-09-24]. Available from WWW: https://www.goodnewsfinland.com/finland-leads-the-world-in-innovation-rankings/28SOINI, T.: Finland: A World Leader in Innovation. Australian Institute of International Affairs. 2016. [accessed 2021-09-25]. Available from WWW: https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/finland-a-world-leader-ininnovation/29BUSINESS FINLAND: Finland claims the Leadership in Creativeness. 2021. [accessed 2021-09-24]. Available from WWW: https://businessfinland.fi/en/whatsnew/news/cision-releases/2021/finland-claims-leadership-in-creativeness-innovationsustainability-sxsw30EUROPEAN COMMISSION: SME definition. 2016. [accessed 2021-02-04]. Available from WWW: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes/sme-definition_en31EUROSTAT: Database - Science, technology and innovation. 2021. [accessed 2021-05- 26]. Available from WWW: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/science-technologyinnovation/data/database?p_p_id=NavTreeportletprod_WAR_NavTreeportletprod_INS TANCE_T2HmWmRllBkW&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view32CARVALHO, N.; YORDANOVA, Z.: Why say no to innovation? Evidence from industrial SMEs in European Union. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation. 2018, Vol. 13, Issue 2, pp. 43–56. 3310.4067/S0718-27242018000200043BORBÁS, L.: The Role of SMEs in the European Entrepreneurship Policy. EconPapers. 2015. [accessed 2021-09-24]. Available from WWW: https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/pkkmeb015/71-88.htm34LUO, P.; WANG, H.; YANG, Z.: Investment and financing for SMEs with a partial guarantee and jump risk. European Journal of Operational Research. 2016, Vol. 249, Issue 3, pp. 1161–1168. 3510.1016/j.ejor.2015.09.032EUROSTAT: EU population up to nearly 513 million on 1 January 2018. 2018. [accessed 2021-10-15]. Available from WWW: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9063738/3-10072018-BPEN.pdf/ccdfc838-d909-4fd8-b3f9-db0d65ea457f36

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe article examines wages in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT). Based on the so-called ISPV data (adjusted for inflation), CZSO and Eurostat data, several analyses were performed. The main conclusions are: (1) The number of ICT workers grew faster, their share in total employment increased from 2.2% to 3.9%. (2) From 2008 to 2013, the overall trend in wages is declining and they have been growing significantly since 2014 (influenced by both economic growth and falling inflation). (3) Wages of ICT specialists (CZ ISCO 25) grew considerably faster than those of ICT technicians (CZ ISCO 35). 4) Wages for the entire ICT and for the CZ-ISCO 25 category grew faster than GDP. (5) The gender pay gap in the Czech Republic is among the highest among the countries surveyed, although in 2019 it decreased compared to 2008. (6) Within the Czech Republic, the differences between the salaries of men and women in ICT are smaller than for the entire economy.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2021_2_02.pdf2021-12-31223410.15240/tul/004/2021-2-002ICTICT wagesWages – GDP ratioICT specialistsICT techniciansGender pay gapLucieBöhmoválucie.bohmova@vse.cz1Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Systems AnalysisAUTHORPetrLadislavDoucekdoucek@vse.cz2Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Systems AnalysisAUTHORLadislavLucladislav.luc@vse.cz3Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Systems AnalysisAUTHORLeaNedomovánedomova@vse.cz4Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Systems AnalysisAUTHORRichard AntonínNovákrichard.novak@vse.cz5Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Systems AnalysisAUTHORVěraRadvákovávera.radvakova@vse.cz6Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Systems AnalysisAUTHORJiříSedláčeksedlacek@vse.cz7Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Systems AnalysisAUTHORJanaSyrovátkovájana.syrovatkova@vse.cz8Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Systems AnalysisAUTHORMajid ZiaeiNafchimajid.nafchi@vse.cz9Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Systems AnalysisAUTHORHANCLOVA, J.; DOUCEK, P.; FISCHER, J.; VLTAVSKA, K.: Does ICT capital affect economic growth in the EU-15 and EU-12 countries? Journal of Business Economics and Management,110.3846/16111699.2012.754375CHRISTIANO, L. J.; EICHENBAUM, M.; EVANS, C. L.: Monetary Policy Shocks: What Have We Learned and to What End? In: Handbook of Macroeconomics, Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1999; Part A, vol. 1, pp. 65–148. ISBN 978-0-444- 50156-1.2YOUSEFI, A. The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Economic growth: Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries. Economics of Innovation and New Technology.310.1080/10438599.2010.544470STAMENKOVIĆ, M.; MILANOVIĆ, M.; PETROVIĆ, D. R.: Statistical Analysis of Interdependence of ICT and Economic Development of Selected European Countries. Economic Themes. D410.2478/ethemes-2021-0015BLEY, K.; LEYH, Ch.; SCHAFFER, T.: Digitalization of German Enterprise in the Production Sector – Do they know how “digitized” they are? Proceedings of Twentysecond Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2016), Curran Associates, Inc., 2016, pp. 736–745. ISBN 978-0-9966831-2-8.5PESSL, E.; SORKO, S. R.; MAYER, B.: Roadmap Industry 4.0 – Implementation Guideline for Enterprises. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society610.11648/j.ijsts.20170506.14BLOOM, N.; DRACA, M.; KRETSCHMER, T.; SADUN, R.; OVERMAN, H.; SCHANKERMAN, M.: The Economic Impact of ICT. London. UK: London School of Economics, Centre for Economic Performance, 2010.7DELINA, R.; TKAC, M.: The Impacts of Specific ICT Solutions on Productivity. Proceedings of 18th Interdisciplinary Information Management Talks – Human Values, Innovation and Economy, Linz: Trauner Verlag, 2010, pp. 23–32. ISBN 978-3-85499- 760-38SARANGI, A. K.; PRADHAN, R. P.: ICT infrastructure and economic growth: a critical assessment and some policy implications. Decision. 2020, Vol. 47, pp. 363– 383.910.1007/s40622-020-00263-5LIN, W. T.; CHIANG, Ch.-Y.: The impacts of country characteristics upon the value of information technology as measured by productive efficiency. International Journal of Production Economics. 1010.1016/j.ijpe.2011.02.013BALLESTEROS-CARRASCO, B. Usos socioeconómicos de las TIC relacionados con el empleo en Europa. El profesional de la información.1110.3145/epi.2013.jul.05MANĎÁK, J.; NEDOMOVA, L.: Measuring Performance of European ICT Sectors Using Output-Oriented DEA Models. Proceedings of 22nd Interdisciplinary Information Management Talks – Networking Societies – Cooperation and Conflict. Linz: Trauner Verlag, 2014, pp. 79–86. ISBN 978-3-99033-340-2.12PIWOWAR-SULEJ, K. Human Resource Management in the Context of Industry 4.0. Organization & Management Quarterly.1310.29119/1899-6116.2020.49.7EUROSTAT. Gender pay gap in unadjusted form by NACE Rev. 2 activity – structure of earnings survey methodology. [online]. 2021-02-24 [accessed 2021-08-18]. Available from WWW: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=earn_gr_gpgr2&lang=en14LANDMESSER, J. M.; ORŁOWSKI, A. J.; RUSEK, M. A.: Gender Pay Gap Across the Income Distribution: Analysis for the EU. Acta Physica Polonica A. 2020, Vol. 138, Issue 1. 1510.12693/APhysPolA.138.31EUROPEAN COMMISSION: Striving for a Union of Equality: The Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025. 2020.1610.2775/671326BERGMANN, N.; SCHEELE, A.; SORGER, C.: Variations of the same? A sectoral analysis of the gender pay gap in Germany and Austria. Gender, Work & Organization. 1710.1111/gwao.12299MITKOVÁ L.: Occupational Segregation and Gender Pay Gap in Slovakia. In K. S. Soliman (ed.), Proceedings of the 31st International Business Information Management Association Conference (IBIMA), 2018. ISBN: 978-0-9998551-0-2 [online]. 2021-04-25 [accessed 2021-08-18]. Available from WWW: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324942638_Occupational_Segregation_and_ Gender_Pay_Gap_in_Slovakia18MAREK, L.; DOUCEK, P.: Vývoj mezd a příjmové nerovnosti u ICT odborníků v České republice. Wages Development and its Non-Equality by ICT Professionals in the Czech Republic. Politická ekonomie.1910.18267/j.polek.1118NEDOMOVA, L.; MARYSKA, M.; DOUCEK, P.: Unequal wage of men and women in ICT in the Czech Republic? Gender, Technology and Development. 2017, Vol. 21, Issue 1-2.2010.1080/09718524.2017.1385317ISPV: Informační systém o průměrném výdělku. [online]. 2021. [accessed 2021-08-21]. Available from WWW: https://www.ispv.cz/cz/O-ISPV.aspx21EUROSTAT. Structure of Earnings Survey. [online]. 2021. [accessed 2021-08-21]. Available from WWW: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/microdata/structure-ofearnings-survey22CZECH STATISTICAL OFFICE: Klasifikace zaměstnání (CZ-ISCO). [online]. Praha, 2020-06-23. [accessed 2021-08-21]. Available from WWW: https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/klasifikace_zamestnani_-cz_isco-23MAYER, T.: The Distribution of Ability and Earnings. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 1960, Vol. 42, Issue 2, pp. 189–195.2410.2307/1926538

ORIGINAL_ARTICLECustomer service is an essential part of many companies and their product and service portfolio. In the current times, customer service has shifted more towards its digital forms. In previous research four digital customer service trends have been identified: virtual assistants, customer service personalization, mobile technologies, and opinion mining. This article aims to compare these findings with reality by employing a focus group discussion with professionals and point out the opportunities and challenges that the companies implementing these trends are faced with. The results show that the findings correspond with academic literature.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2021_2_03.pdf2021-12-31354310.15240/tul/004/2021-2-003Customer serviceVirtual assistantPersonalizationMobile technologiesOpinion miningMichalDostálmichal.dostal1@tul.cz1Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of InformaticsAUTHORGNEWUCH, U.; MORANA S.; MAEDCHE A.: Towards Designing Cooperative and Social Conversational Agents for Customer Service. In: Proceedings of the International Confernce on Information Systems 2017. Seoul, South Korea, 2017.1EUROSTAT: ISOC_EB_AI dataset. [online]. 2021. Available from WWW: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/view/ISOC_EB_AI?lang=en2ISIDORE, R.; ARUN, J.: Are Indian Consumers Happy with Artificial Intelligence Enabled Personalized Customer Service. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal. 2021, Vol. 25, pp. 1–16. ISSN 10956298.3DUBIEL, M.; HALVEY, M.; AZZOPARDI, L.: A Survey Investigating Usage of Virtual Personal Assistants. arXiv:1807.04606. [online]. 2018. Available from WWW: http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.046064TULSHAN, A.; DHAGE, N.: Survey on Virtual Assistant: Google Assistant, Siri, Cortana, Alexa. In: Thampi S.; Marques O.; Krishnan S.; Li K.; Ciuonzo D.; Kolekar M. (eds.), Advances in Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019, pp. 190–201. ISBN 9789811357572.510.1007/978-981-13-5758-9_17EQUITY: Chatbot Report 2018: Global Trends and Analysis. [online]. 2018. Available from WWW: https://chatbotsmagazine.com/chatbot-report-2018-global-trends-andanalysis-4d8bbe4d924b6CHADHA, T.: 50+ Vital Chatbot Statistics for 2021 to Know Post Pandemic. [online]. 2021. Available from WWW: https://outgrow.co/blog/vital-chatbot-statistics/7MORGAN, B.: 50 Stats Showing The Power Of Personalization. [online]. Available from WWW: https://www.forbes.com/sites/blakemorgan/2020/02/18/50-stats-showingthe-power-of-personalization/8BANYTE, J.; GADEIKIENE, A.; RUTELIONE, A.; KAKNEVICIENE, I.: Expression of Personalization while Developing Long-Term Relationships with Service Customers. Engineering Economics. 2016, Vol. 27, Issue 4, pp. 462–471. ISSN 2029-5839910.5755/j01.ee.27.4.14159OCHOCKA, J.; Mobile Technologies in Logistic Customer Service as a Tool for Winning Customers’ Satisfaction. Logforum. 2019, Vol. 15, Issue 3, pp. 403–411. ISSN 18952038, 1734459X.1010.17270/J.LOG.2019.338STATISTA: Secure locations for QR code scanning in the US and UK 2020. [online]. 2021. Available from WWW: https://www.statista.com/statistics/199325/qr-codescanners-by-gender/11LI, P.; YAN, Y.; WANG, Ch.; REN, Z.; CONG, P.; WANG, H.; FENG, J.: Customer voice sensor: A comprehensive opinion mining system for call center conversation. In: Proceedings of 2016 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data Analysis, ICCCBDA 2016, 2016, pp. 324–329. ISSN 9781509025930.1210.1109/ICCCBDA.2016.7529578PAPPAS, D., ANDROUTSOPOULOS, I.; PAPAGEORGIOU, H.: Anger detection in call center dialogues. In: 2015 6th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom), 2015, pp. 139–144. 1310.1109/CogInfoCom.2015.7390579

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThis article shows the economic impact of mental illness, as well as various cost-estimating approaches. To assess the burden of mental diseases, there are three different ways: the human capital, the economic growth and the value of statistical life approach. The first focuses on indirect and direct costs. Moreover, the effect of mental illness on economic development can only be approximated implicitly. Thus, the lack of production is primary estimated for somatic conditions compared to their corresponding quantity of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The total economic productivity drop associated with mental illnesses between 2011 and 2030 is rated to be US$16.3 trillion globally. Furthermore, the value of statistical life (VSL) method suggests that trade-offs between risks and capital should be used to assess the probability of injury or death due to psychiatric illness. This computation is equivalent to that of cardiovascular disease and bigger than that of cancer. However, greater activism is required to better the existing condition.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2021_2_04.pdf2021-12-31445510.15240/tul/004/2021-2-004Economic costsEconomic growthHuman capitalMental illnessValue of statistical lifeBenediktFrank37216@mail.vsfs.cz1Vysoká škola finanční a správní – University of Finance and AdministrationAUTHORSTALKER, C.; HARVEY, C.: Professional burnout: A review of theory, research, and prevention. Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, 2002.1MASLACH, C.; SCHAUFELI, W. B.: Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology. 2001, Vol. 52, pp. 397–422.2KESSLER R. C.; PETUKHOVA, M.; SAMPSON, N. A.; ZASLAVSKY, A. M.; WITTCHEN, H.-U.: Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 2012, Vol. 21, Issue 3, pp. 169–184.310.1002/mpr.1359WITTCHEN, H.-U.; JACOBI, F.; REHM, J. et al.: The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011, Vol. 21, Issue 9, pp. 655–679410.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018TRAUTMANN, S.; REHM, J.; WITTCHEN, H.-U.: The economic costs of mental disorders: Do our societies react appropriately to the burden of mental disorders? EMBO Reports. 2016, Vol. 17, Issue 9, pp. 1245–1249.510.15252/embr.201642951CATLIN, A.; COWAN, C.; HARTMAN, M.; HEFFLER, S.: National Health Spending in 2006: A Year of Change for Prescription Drugs. Health Affairs. 2008, Vol. 27, Issue 1, pp. 14–29.610.1377/hlthaff.27.1.14POISAL, J. A.; TRUFFER, Ch.; SMITH, S.; SISKO, A.; COWAN, C.; KEEHAN, S.; DICKENSHEETS, B.: Health spending projections through 2016: modest changes obscure part D’s impact. Health Affairs. 2007, Vol. 26, Issue 2, pp. 242–253.710.1377/hlthaff.26.2.w242MARTIN, A. B.; HARTMAN, M.; LASSMAN, D.; CATLIN, A.: National Health Care Spending In 2019: Steady Growth For The Fourth Consecutive Year. Health Affairs. 2020, Vol. 40, Issue 1, pp. 14–24. 810.1377/hlthaff.2020.02022OECD: Mental health problems costing Europe heavily. [online]. 2018. Available from WWW: http://www.oecd.org/health/mental-health-problems-costing-europeheavily.htm9PATEL, V.; CHISHOLM, D.; PARIKH, R.; CHARLSON, F. J.; DEGENHARDT, L.; DUA, T.; FERRARI, A. J.; HYMAN, S.; LAXMINARAYAN, R.; LEVIN, C et al.: Global Priorities for Addressing the Burden of Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders. In: Patel, V.; Chisholm, D.; Dua, T.; Laxminarayan, R.; Medina-Mora, M. E. (eds.), Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders: Disease Control Priorities. Third Edition (Volume 4). The World Bank. Washington, DC, 2016.10WHITEFORD, H. A.; DEGENHARDT, L.; REHM, J.; BAXTER, A. J.; FERRARI, A. J.; ERSKINE, H. E.; CHARLSON, F. J.; NORMAN, R. E.; FLAXMAN, A. D.; JOHNS, N. et al.: Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2013, Vol. 382, Issue 9904, pp. 1575–1586.1110.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6VIGO, D.; THORNICROFT, G.; ATUN, R.: Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2016, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 171–178.1210.1016/S2215-0366(15)00505-2HU, T.: An international review of the economic costs of mental illness. Berkeley: University of California, 2004.13BLOOM, D. E.; CAFIERO, E. T.; JANÉ-LLOPIS, E.; ABRAHAMS-GESSEL, S.; BLOOM, L. R.; FATHIMA, S.; FEIGL, A. B.; GAZIANO, T.; MOWAFI, M.; PANDYA, A.; PRETTNER, K.; ROSENBERG, L.; SELIGMAN, B.; STEIN, A. Z.; WEINSTEIN, C.: The Global Economic Burden of Non-communicable Diseases. [online]. World Economic Forum, Geneva, 2011. Available from WWW: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Harvard_HE_GlobalEconomicBurdenNonCom municableDiseases_2011.pdf14GUSTAVSSON, A.; SVENSSON, M.; JACOBI, F.; ALLGULANDER, Ch.; ALONSO, J.; BEGHI, E.; DODEL, R.; EKMAN, M.; FARAVELLI, C.; FRATIGLIONI, L. et al.: Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011, Vol. 21, Issue 10, pp. 718–779.1510.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.08.008COLTON, C. W.; MANDERSCHEID, R. W.: Congruencies in increased mortality rates, years of potential life lost, and causes of death among public mental health clients in eight states. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2006, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 1–4.16INSEL, T. R.: Assessing the Economic Costs of Serious Mental Illness. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008, Vol. 165, pp. 663–665.1710.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030366THOMAS, Ch. M.; MORRIS, S.: Cost of depression among adults in England in 2000. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2018, Vol. 183, Issue 6, pp. 514–5191810.1192/00-000ALMOND, S.; HEALEY, A.: Mental health and absence from work: New evidence from the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey. Work, Employment and Society. 2003, Vol. 17, Issue 4, pp. 731–742.1910.1177/0950017003174007KESSLER, R. C.; GREENBERG, P. E.; MICKELSON, K. D.; MENEADES, L. M.; WANG, P. S.: The effects of chronic medical conditions on work loss and work cutback. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2001, Vol. 43, Issue 3, pp. 218–225.2010.1097/00043764-200103000-00009SIMON, G. E.; REVICKI, D.; HEILIGENSTEIN, J.; GROTHAUS, L.; VonKORFF, M.; KATON, W. J. et al.: Recovery from depression, work productivity, and health care costs among primary care patients. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2000, Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 153–162.2110.1016/S0163-8343(00)00072-4KNAPP, M.: Hidden costs of mental illness. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003, Vol. 183, Issue 6, pp. 477–478.2210.1192/03-292KESSLER, R. C.; HEERINGA, S.; LAKOMA, M. D.; PETUKHOVA, M.; Rupp, A. E.; SCHOENBAUM, M.; WANG, P. S.; ZASLAVSKY, A. M.: Individual and Societal Effects of Mental Disorders on Earnings in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008, Vol. 165, Issue 6, pp. 703–711.2310.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08010126HARWOOD, H.; AMEEN, A.; DENMEAD, G.; ENGLERT, E.; FOUNTAIN, D.; LIVERMORE, G.: The Economic Cost of Mental Illness. National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland, 1992.24LUND, C.; MYER, L.; STEIN, D. J.; WILLIAMS, D. R.; FLISHER, A. J.: Mental illness and lost income among adult South Africans. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2013, Vol. 48, Issue 5, pp. 845–851.2510.1007/s00127-012-0587-5CHISHOLM, D.; JOHANSSON, K. A.; RAYKAR, N.; MEGIDDO, I.; NIGAM, A.; STRAND, K. B.; COLSON, A.; FEKADU, A.; VERGUET, S.: Universal Health Coverage for Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders: An Extended CostEffectiveness Analysis. In: Patel, V.; Chisholm, D.; Dua, T.; Laxminarayan, R.; Medina-Mora M. E. (eds.), Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. The World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016.2610.1596/978-1-4648-0426-7_ch13SCHOMERUS, G.; MATSCHINGER, H.; ANGERMEYER, M. C.: Alcoholism: Illness beliefs and resource allocation preferences of the public. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2006, Vol. 82, Issue 3, pp. 204–210.2710.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.09.008HARO, J. M.; AYUSO-MATEOS, J. L.; BITTER, I.; DEMOTES-MAINARD, J.; LEBOYER, M.; LEWIS, S. W.; LINSZEN, D.; MAJ, M.; McDAID, D.; MEYERLINDENBERG, A. et al.: ROAMER: roadmap for mental health research in Europe. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 2014, Vol. 23, pp. 1–142810.1002/mpr.1406

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThis study examines the level of excellence of two companies, using Business Improvement Matrix (BIM), which is based on European Foundation of Quality Management’s Model of Excellence. It compares those organizations and shows how their quality management systems make an effect on BIM results. The researched companies are genXone S.A., which is in the process of implementing a quality management system compliant with ISO 13485: 2016, and Centrum Genetyki Medycznej GENESIS Sp. z o.o., certified with ISO 9001: 2015 since 2018. Both of them belong to sequencing industry in Poland, using new generation sequencing. This study shows that the company that has implemented its quality management system and has fully adopted its standards achieved a higher level of excellence than the company that just started the process of implementation of their quality management system.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2021_2_05.pdf2021-12-31566210.15240/tul/004/2021-2-005Business improvement matrixQuality managementContinuous improvementLevel of excellenceMajaKaszubamajakaszuba@hotmail.com1Poznań University of Economics and Business, Institute of Quality ScienceAUTHORKĄDZIOŁKA MARTYNIAK, E.: Nowoczesne metody zarządzania produkcją. Wydział Zarządzania Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej im. St. Staszica w Krakowie, Kraków, 1996. ISBN 8390238497.1FONSECA, L. M.: Relationship Between ISO 9001 Certification Maturity and EFQM Business Excellence Model Results. Quality Innovation Prosperity / Kvalita Inovácia Prosperita. 2015, Vol. 19, Issue 1.210.12776/QIP.V19I1.556RODRÍGUEZ-MANTILLA, J. M.; MARTÍNEZ-ZARZUELO, A.; FERNÁNDEZCRUZ, F. J.: Do ISO:9001 standards and EFQM model differ in their impact on the external relations and communication system at schools? Evaluation and Program Planning. Vol. 80, 2020. ISSN 0149-7189. 310.1016/j.evalprogplan.2020.101816Van NEDERPELT, P.: ISO-9000s Definition of Quality. [online] 14 February 2013. [accessed: 14 June 2021]. Available from WWW: https://oqrmmodel.wordpress.com/2013/02/14/iso-9000s-definition-of-quality/4BARONE, A.: ISO 9000’s definition of quality [online]. Updated 28 July 2020. [accessed: 14 June 2021]. Available from WWW: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quality-management.asp5ASQ: What Is a Quality Management System (QMS)? [accessed: 14 June 2021]. Available from WWW: https://asq.org/quality-resources/quality-management-system6ISO: ISO 13485:2016. [online]. [accessed 2021-08-30]. Available from WWW: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:13485:ed-3:v1:en7EFQM: European Foundation for Quality Management. [online]. [accessed 2021-08- 30]. Available from WWW: https://www.efqm.org/8

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThis article focuses on the division of the daily activities of self-employed persons on entrepreneurial activities, unpaid work, leisure time and other activities, and their interconnection to the feelings of happiness (as part of subjective well-being). Modified Time Use Survey (TUS) methodology was used to gather data on division of time and to identify SWB. The 13 groups of activities and 161 self-employed persons were included in the analysis. The results suggest that both self-employed men and women dedicate more than 8 hours per day for paid work. Daily activities during which the highest part of self-employed men and women feel the happiest belong to leisure activities. Unpaid work activities bring the highest feeling of happiness to 12.5 % of self-employed women. Feelings of happiness of self-employed women are more fluctuating during the paid work than feelings of happiness of self-employed men. In the evening, the feelings of happiness of the self-employed women decrease significantly, which could be caused by double burden of self-employed women.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2021_2_06.pdf2021-12-31637210.15240/tul/004/2021-2-006Self-employed personsGenderSubjective well-beingTime allocationEntrepreneurshipDaily activitiesMiroslavaKnapkovámiroslava.knapkova@umb.sk1Matej Bel University, Faculty of Economics, Department of EconomicsAUTHORMiriamMartinkovičovámiriam.martinkovicova@umb.sk2Matej Bel University, Faculty of Economics, Department of EconomicsAUTHORAlenaKaščákováalena.kascakova@umb.sk3Matej Bel University, Faculty of Economics, Department of Quantitative Methods and Information SystemsAUTHORFREY, B. S.; STUTZER, A. The Economics of Happiness. World Economics, Volume 3, No 1, 2002. [online]. 2002. [accessed 2021-03-18]. Available from WWW: http://bsfrey.ch/articles/_365_2002.pdf1CARTER, S. The rewards of entrepreneurship: Exploring the incomes, wealth, and economic well–being of entrepreneurial households. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2011, Vol. 35, Issue 1, pp. 39–55.210.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00422.xPARASURAMAN, S., et al. Work and family variables, entrepreneurial career success, and psychological well-being. Journal of vocational behavior, 1996, Vol. 48, Issue 3, pp. 275–300.310.1006/jvbe.1996.0025RYFF, C.D. Entrepreneurship and eudaimonic well-being: Five venues for new science. Journal of business venturing, 2019, Vol. 34, Issue 4, pp. 646–663. 410.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.09.003HAHN, V. C., et al. Happy and proactive? The role of hedonic and eudaimonic well– being in business owners’ personal initiative. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 2012, Vol. 36, Issue 1, 97–114.510.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00490.xDIJKHUIZEN, J.; VELDHOVEN, M. van; SCHALK, R. Four types of well-being among entrepreneurs and their relationships with business performance. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2016, Vol. 25, Issue 2, pp. 184–210.610.1177/0971355716650369NAUDÉ, W.; AMORÓS, J. E.; CRISTI, O. “Surfeiting, the appetite may sicken”: entrepreneurship and happiness. Small Business Economics, 2014, Vol. 42, Issue 3, pp. 523–540.710.1007/s11187-013-9492-xAUDRETSCH, D. B.; BELITSKI, M. Is happiness conducive to entrepreneurship? Exploring subjective well-being–entrepreneurship relationship across major European cities. Henley Centre for Entrepreneurship, 2015. [accessed 2021-03-22]. Available from WWW: http://assets.henley.ac.uk.s3.amazonaws.com/legacyUploads/pdf/research/researchcentres/CFE-2015-01_Audretsch_and_Belitski.pdf8TEIXEIRA, A. A.; VASQUE, R. Entrepreneurship And Happiness: Does National Culture Matter?. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 2020, Vol. 25, Issue 1, 2050007.910.1142/S1084946720500077POWELL, G.N.; EDDLESTON, K.A. Linking family-to-business enrichment and support to entrepreneurial success: do female and male entrepreneurs experience different outcomes?. Journal of business venturing, 2013, Vol. 28, Issue 2, pp. 261–280.1010.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.02.007MAHADEA, D.; RAMROOP, S. Influences on happiness and subjective well-being of entrepreneurs and labour: Kwazulu-Natal case study. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 2015, Vol. 18, Issue 2, pp. 245–259. 1110.17159/2222-3436/2015/v18n2a8VEGA project No.1/0621/17 “Decision-making Process of Slovak Households about Allocation of Time for Paid and Unpaid Work and Household Strategies’ Impact on Selected Areas of the Economic Practice12EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. Harmonized European Time Use Surveys. 2008 guidlines. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 2009. [accessed 2021-05-27]. Available from WWW: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/statmanuals/files/KS-RA-08-014-EN.pdf13HARMONISED EUROPEAN TIME USE SURVEYS (HETUS). Guidelines. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019. [accessed 2021-03-22]. Available from WWW: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/9710775/KSGQ-19-003-EN-N.pdf14URAMOVÁ, M.; ORVISKÁ M. (eds.). Neplatená práca na Slovensku. Belianum, Banská Bystrica, 2016. ISBN 978-80-557-1158-4.15GIMENEZ-NADAL, J. I.; ORTEGA-LAPIEDRA, R. Self-employment and time stress: The effect of leisure quality. Applied Economics Letters, 2010, Vol. 17, Issue 17, pp. 1735-1738.1610.1080/13504850903266791Stephan, U., Li, J.; Qu, J. A fresh look at self-employment, stress and health: accounting for self-selection, time and gender. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2020, Vol. 26, Issue 5, pp. 1133-1177.1710.1108/IJEBR-06-2019-0362MARTINKOVIČOVÁ, M.; KNAPKOVÁ, M.; KAŠČÁKOVÁ, A. Affective wellbeing of private sector employees in Slovakia. Sociológia : časopis pre otázky sociológie = Slovak Sociological Review, 2020, Vol. 52, Issue 3, pp. 273–299.1810.31577/sociologia.2020.52.3.12

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEWith the widespread use of the Internet, many industries have developed rapidly. The economy based on the Internet poses a significant threat to the traditional economy. Live streaming plus e-commerce, which is acknowledged as the current global economic status, is the result of combing live streaming and various industries through the Internet. E-commerce live streaming is one of the most essential types of online live streaming. In this article, it is defined as the live streaming of the e-commerce platform used by Key Opinion Leaders or product sellers through the built-in live streaming function of the platform to propagate goods, brands, events, etc. to achieve goals of brand exposure and product sales. Compared with the traditional economic model, the combined model of e-commerce and live streaming has its advantages and characteristics. This kind of marketing tool is now prevalent. However, there are many deficiencies in e-commerce live streaming that need to be improved since the development of e-commerce is immature and supervision of Internet use is ongoing.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2021_2_07.pdf2021-12-31738910.15240/tul/004/2021-2-007Consumer behaviorDigital and social mediaE-commerce live streamingNew media marketingYangLuyang.lu@fs-students.de1Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, BSc Business Administration Class 2021AUTHORPatrickSiegfriedpatrick.siegfried@ism.de2International School of Management (ISM), Department of International Logistics and Supply Chain ManagementAUTHORCHINA INTERNET NETWORK INFORMATION CENTER (CNNIC): The 45th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2020-07- 02]. Available from WWW: http://www.cnnic.cn/gywm/xwzx/rdxw/20172017_7057/202004/t20200427_70973.htm1IIMEDIA RESEARCH: The Development status of China’s live streaming e-commerce and significant data monitoring and analysis. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2020-07-02]. Available from WWW: https://www.iimedia.cn/c400/68945.html2IIMEDIA RESEARCH: China’s live streaming e-commerce report. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2020-07-02]. Available from WWW: https://www.iimedia.cn/c460/69068.html3ZHANG, J.: Research on the Current Situation and Development Strategy of Ecommerce Live streaming Platform. [online]. China, Changchun: Changchun University of Technology, 2018. [accessed 2020-07-03]. Available from WWW: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10190-1018818344.htm4LIU, J.: Research on E-commerce Live streaming from the Perspective of Communication. [online]. China, Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2018. [accessed 2020-07-03]. Available from WWW: https://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd-10403- 1018148461.htm5McCOMBS, M. E.; SHAW, D. L.: The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. In: Protess, D.; McCombs, M. E. (eds.), Agenda Setting. 1991. eBook ISBN 9781315538389.610.4324/9781315538389-8LIU, K.; YOU, Y.: Research Overview of the KOL Theory. [online]. 2009. [accessed 2020-07-03]. Available from WWW: https://m.xzbu.com/7/view-2953169.htm7NOELLE-NEUMANN, E.: The spiral of silence a theory of public opinion. Journal of communication. 1974, Vol. 24, Issue 2, pp. 43-51.8ROSSI, E.: Uses & Gratifications/ Dependency Theory. [online]. 2002. [accessed 2020- 07-04]. Available from WWW: http://zimmer.csufresno.edu/~johnca/spch100/7-4- uses.htm9NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA: The Average Annual Wage of Persons Employed in Urban Non-private Units In 2019. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2020- 07-04]. Available from WWW: http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202005/t20200518_1746112.html10CINIC: Post-95 become the new main force of installment buying. [online]. 2019. [accessed 2020-07-05]. Available from WWW: http://www.cinic.org.cn/zgzz/qy/662789.html?from=singlemessage11STATISTA: Snack Food, China. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2020-07-05]. Available from WWW: https://www.statista.com/outlook/40100300/117/snack-food/china12ZHUANG, S.: How do the five categories perform in live e-commerce. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2020-07-05]. Available from WWW: http://www.woshipm.com/it/3490364.html13ZHIHU: Is e-commerce live streaming a ‘future trend’ or a ‘temporary excitement’. Where is the growth point in 2020. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2020-07-05]. Available from WWW: https://www.zhihu.com/question/357691481/answer/129668295914STATISTA: Share of the most common e-commerce complaint issues in China in 1st quarter of 2020. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2020-07-05]. Available from WWW: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1066658/china-share-of-most-popular-ecommercecomplaint-issues/15COSMETICS CHINA: How to Sell 10,000 Lipsticks in 2 Hours in China. [online]. n.d. [accessed 2020-07-06]. Available from WWW: https://cosmeticschinaagency.com/sell10000-lipsticks-2-hours-china/16IIMEDIA RESEARCH: Research Report on China’s Online Live streaming Industry in the First Half of 2019. [online]. 2019. [accessed 2020-07-07]. Available from WWW: https://www.iimedia.cn/c400/65966.html17LI, Y.: Introduction of Conversion rate. [online]. 2012. [accessed 2020-07-07]. Available from WWW: http://www.360doc.com/content/12/1029/14/9934_244455229.shtml18CORESIGHT RESEARCH: Retail 2020: 10 Trends for China E-commerce. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2020-07-07]. Available from WWW: https://coresight.com/research/retail-2020-10-trends-for-china-e-commerce/19FANG, Y.: Why is the return rate of live streaming products so high. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2020-07-18]. Available from WWW: https://www.sohu.com/a/395305748_12133920

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEINCOTERMS conditions are internationally recognized delivery clauses. Their advantage is comprehensibility and uniform interpretation by the contracting parties, as well as easy incorporation into the contract. An undeniable advantage is the regular update. The individual updates reflect trends in international business practice and therefore clarify or repeal existing clauses or introduce new ones as needed. The aim of the article is to evaluate the development of the INCOTERMS clauses on their historical development and their impact on international commercial law relations, and through this to outline possible future developments. The authors also consider whether, given the rapid technological progress, the current ten-year cycle of revision of the INCOTERMS clauses is appropriate or whether it is too long. Among the new trends, the authors point to new types of transport, especially unmanned drones, and the continuing trend of a transparent and secure logistics chain.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2021_2_08.pdf2021-12-319010110.15240/tul/004/2021-2-008Autonomous transportBlockchainDronesIncotermsInternational tradeTechnologyMichaelaPetrovámichaela.petrova@vsb.cz1VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Economics, Department of LawAUTHORMartinaKrügerovámartina.krugerova@vsb.cz2VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Economics, Department of LawAUTHORMichalKoziełmichal.koziel@vsb.cz3VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Economics, Department of LawAUTHORICC: Free Incoterms® 2020 introduction. [online]. 2020. Available from WWW: https://iccwbo.org/publication/incoterms-2020-introduction/1ROZEHNALOVÁ, N.; VALDHANS, J.; KYSELOVSKÁ, T.: Právo mezinárodního obchodu. Včetně problematiky mezinárodního rozhodčího řízení. [online]. Wolters Kluwer, 2021 [accessed 2021-10-13]. ISBN 978-80-7676-046-2. Available from WWW: https://www.muni.cz/vyzkum/publikace/17381632VOGT, J.; DAVIS, J.: The State of Incoterm® Research. Transportation Journal. 2020, Vol. 59, Issue 3, pp. 304–324.310.5325/transportationj.59.3.0304BERGAMI, R.: Managing Incoterms 2010 risks: tension with trade and banking practices. International Journal of Economics and Business Research. 2013, Vol. 6, Issue 3, pp. 324–338. ISSN 1756-9850. eISSN 1756-9869. 410.1504/IJEBR.2013.056126PETROVÁ, M.; KOZIEŁ, M.; KRÜGEROVÁ, M.: Influence of Incoterms 2020 on Strategic Decision-making of Entrepreneurs. In: Němec, R.; Chytilová, L. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Strategic Management and its Support by Information Systems 2021. Ostrava: VŠB-TUO, 2021, pp. 248–255. ISBN 978-80-248-4521-0.5STOJANOVIĆ, Đ.; IVETIĆ, J.: Possibilities of using Incoterms clauses in a country logistics performance assessment and benchmarking. Transport Policy. 2020, Vol. 98, pp. 217–228. ISSN 0967070X610.1016/j.tranpol.2020.03.012SURARAKSA, J.; AMCHANG, Ch.; SAWATWONG, N.: Decision-Making on Incoterms 2020 of Automotive Parts Manufacturers in Thailand. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business. 2020, Vol. 7, Issue 10, pp. 461–470.710.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.461ICC: Free Incoterms® 2020 introduction. [online]. [accessed 2021-10-06]. Available from WWW: https://iccwbo.org/publication/incoterms-2020-introduction/8KELLY, D.: The International Chamber of Commerce. New Political Economy. 2005, Vol. 10, Issue 2, pp. 259–271. ISSN1356-3467. 910.1080/13563460500144868BERGAMI, R.: Incoterms 2010: The Newest Revision of Delivery Terms. Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionales. 2012, Vol. 15, Issue 2, pp. 33–40.10MALFLIET, J.: Incoterms 2010 and the mode of transport: how to choose the right term. In: Management challenges in the 21st century: transport and logistics: opportunity for Slovakia in the era of knowledge economy, Proceedings. 2011, pp. 163– 179. Available from WWW: https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/121262211MONIOS, J.; BERGQVIST, R.: The transport geography of electric and autonomous vehicles in road freight networks. Journal of Transport Geography. 2019, Vol. 80, 102500. ISSN 0966-6923. 1210.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102500HUB. UPS nakoupí elektrické letouny s vertikálním vzletem. Budou sloužit klientům z oblasti zdravotní péče a malým i středním podnikům. Logistika. 2021. [accessed 2021- 07-13]. Available form WWW: https://logistika.ihned.cz/c1-66911230-ups-nakoupielektricke-letouny-s-vertikalnim-vzletem-budou-slouzit-klientum-z-oblasti-zdravotnipece-a-malym-a-strednim-podnikum13YAKUSHIJI, K. et al.: Short-Range Transportation Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) during Disasters in Japan. Drones. 2020, Vol. 4, Issue 4, p. 68. DOI: 10.3390/drones404006814FU, Chen-Hua; TSAO Ming-Wen; CHI, Li-Pin; ZHUANG, Zheng-Yun.: On the Dominant Factors of Civilian-Use Drones: A Thorough Study and Analysis of CrossGroup Opinions Using a Triple Helix Model (THM) with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Drones. 2021, Vol. 5, Issue 2, p. 46.1510.3390/drones5020046GALBIATI, F.: Delivery Optimization of a Logistics Network based on Drones. Young Scientists Journal. 2020 [accessed 2021-08-12]. Available from WWW: https://ysjournal.com/delivery-optimization-of-a-logistics-network-based-on-drones/16ICC: Incoterms 1990. [online]. 2018 [accessed 2021-08-12]. Available form WWW: https://library.iccwbo.org/pdf/Incoterms_1990.pdf17UNITED NATIONS: ICC Incoterms 2000: report of the Secretary-General. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2021-08-12]. Available from WWW: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/413948?ln=en18ICC: The Incoterms® rules 2010. [online]. 2010. [accessed 2021-10-15]. Available from WWW: https://iccwbo.org/publication/incoterms-rules-2010/19MACHKOVÁ, H.; ČERNOHLÁVKOVÁ, E.; SATO, A. et al.: Mezinárodní obchodní operace. 6th ed. Praha: Grada, 2014. ISBN 978-80-247-4874-0.20DAVIS, J.; VOGT, J.: Incoterms® 2020 and missed opportunities for the next version. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications. 2021. 2110.1080/13675567.2021.1897974DURDAĞ, C.; DELİPINAR, G. E.: The past, today and future of incoterms in international delivery: A review on the innovations in logistics. Journal of Economics Library. 2020, Vol. 7, Issue 4, pp. 201–207.22TOMAN, P.: Nové Incoterms 2020 jsou srozumitelnější. Logistika. 2019, Available form WWW: https://logistika.ekonom.cz/c1-66693550-nove-incoterms-2020-jsousrozumitelnejsi23PETROVÁ, M.; KRÜGEROVÁ, M.; KOZIEŁ, M.: INCOTERMS – History and Future Development. In: Antlová, K.; Semerádová, T. (eds.), Proceedings of the 15th International Conference Liberec Economic Forum 2021. Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, 2021, pp. 589–598. ISBN 978-80-7494-578-6.24

ORIGINAL_ARTICLESport has become an important part of our lives in the modern times and sporting sites contribute significantly to the image and texture of modern cities. Regarding the popularity of sport, and football in particular, it has become an important modern place where specific types of economic and social interaction take place. The aim of this article is to propose a method for evaluating the performance of football clubs based on DEA and Malmquist index. Professional Czech football clubs playing in the Czech football competition Fortuna:Liga were selected for empirical analysis. To analyze the relative efficiency of football clubs, BCC and CCR models were employed. The study was conducted on a sample of 20 clubs through 2 inputs and 1 output collected during the 2015/16 – 2019/20 seasons. For some clubs the values of the Malmquist index were calculated. With help of MI it was possible to quantify the total productivity change factor and to decompose it to technological change and technical efficiency change. The results show that Czech football clubs achieved a relatively high level of efficiency in the period monitored and that traditional clubs achieved the highest efficiency score. These results could help club managers improve the performance of their teams.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2021_2_09.pdf2021-12-3110211210.15240/tul/004/2021-2-009DEASports statisticsFootballCzech professional football clubsMalmquist indexMichalTomíčekmichal.tomicek@tul.cz1Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration and ManagementAUTHORNataliePelloneovánatalie.pelloneova@tul.cz2Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration and ManagementAUTHORFORTUNA:LIGA: Statistiky. [online]. 2021. [accessed 2021-02-15]. Available from WWW: https://www.fortunaliga.cz/statistiky?unit=1&-parameter=11BHAT, Z. U. H.; SULTANA, D.; DAR, Q. F.: A comprehensive review of data envelopment analysis (DEA) in sports. Journal of Sports Economics & Management. 2019, Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 82–109. ISSN: 2340-7425.2ESPITIA-ESCUER, M.; GARCÍA-CEBRIÁN, L. I.: Productivity and Competitiveness: The Case of Football Temas Playing in the UEFA Champions League. Athens Journal of Sports. 310.30958/ajspo.3-1-3LÁZARO, M. B.; ESPITIA-ESCUER, M.; GARCÍA-CEBRIÁN, L. I.: Productivity in professional Spanish basketball. Sport, Business and Management. DOI: 10.1108/SBM07-2013-00244GARCÍA-CEBRIÁN, L., I.; ESPITIA-ESCUER, M.: Technical progress and efficiency changes in football teams participating in the UEFA Champions League. Fórum Empresarial. 2015, Vol 20, Issue 1, pp. 1–27. ISSN: 2475-87525KANG, H.-J.: Productivity Change and Relative Efficiency of Professional Sport Teams. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2010, Vol. 10, Issue 10, pp. 456–463. eISSN: 2508-6723.610.5392/JKCA.10.10.456JARDIN, M.: Efficiency of French football clubs and its dynamics. [online]. Munich: Personal RePEc Archive. 2009. [accessed 2021-10-01]. Available from WWW: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19828/1/MPRA_paper_19828.pdf7BARROS, C. P.; DOUVIS, J.: Comparative analysis of football efficiency among two small European countries: Portugal and Greece. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing.810.1504/IJSMM.2009.028801BARROS, C. P.; ASSAF, A.; SÁ-EARP, F.: Brazilian Football League Technical Efficiency: A Simar and Wilson Approach. Journal of Sports Economics. 910.1177/1527002509357530INSTAT: Football. [online]. 2020. [accessed 2021-01-02]. Available from WWW: https://instatsport.com/football10TRANSFERMARKT: Start at Transfermarkt. [online]. 2021. [accessed 2021-01-02]. Available from WWW: https://www.transfermarkt.com/intern/stellenangebote11JABLONSKÝ, J.; DLOUHÝ, M.: Modely hodnocení efektivnosti produkčních jednotek. Professional Publishing, Prague, 2004. ISBN 978-80-8641-949-7.12COOPER, W. W., et al.: Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis. Springer Science and Business Media, New York, 2011. ISBN 978-1-4419-6151-8.13SUBHASH, C. R.: Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory and Techniques for Economics and Operations Research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004. ISBN 978- 0521802567.14ZHU, J.: Quantitative Models for Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking: Data Envelopment Analysis with Spreadsheets. Springer, Cham, 2014. ISBN 978-3-319- 06647-9.15PALEČKOVÁ, I.: Application of Window Malmquist Index for Examination of Efficiency Change of Czech Commercial Banks. DANUBE: Law and Economics Review.1610.1515/danb-2017-0012CAVES, D. W.; CHRISTENSEN, L. R.; DIEWERT, W. E.: The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output, and productivity. Econometrica. 1710.2307/1913388

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe article focuses on sustainable tourism in the protected landscape area of the Moravian Karst. Participants in the research included municipalities, stakeholders in the field of tourism, residents, and visitors. The Moravian Karst (CHKO) is an example of a preserved landscape area that managed to combine environmental protection and tourism. Visits to caves prevail; however, visitors do not limit their activities to this type of tourist attraction. They also visit other natural as well as cultural sights. Most municipalities think that the existence of the Moravian Karst CHKO positively influences the development of tourism. They appreciate new jobs and the inflow of finance from the regional budget.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2021_2_10.pdf2021-12-3111312010.15240/tul/004/2021-2-010Protected landscape areaSustainable tourismMoravian KarstVisitorResidentJiříVaníčekjiri.vanicek@vse.cz1Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of International Relations, Department of TourismAUTHORANDERECK, K. L.; VALENTINE, K. M.; KNOPF, R. C.; VOGT, Ch. A.: Residents’ Perceptions of Community Tourism Impacts. Annals of Tourism Research. 2005, Vol. 32, Issue 4, pp. 1056–1076.110.1016/j.annals.2005.03.001DAVIS, J. S.; MORAIS, D. B.: Fraction and Enclaves: Small Towns and Socially Unsustainable Tourism Development. Journal of Travel Research. 2004, Vol. 43, Issue 1, pp. 3–10.210.1177/0047287504265501GURSOY, D.; RUTHERFORD, D. G.: Host Attitudes toward Tourism: An Improved Structural Model. Annals of Tourism Research. 2004, Vol. 31, Issue 3, pp. 495–516.310.1016/j.annals.2003.08.008MOLDAN, B.: Podmaněná planeta. Karolinum, Prague, 2009. ISBN 978-80-246-1580- 64NUNKOO, R.; RAMKISSOON, H.: Small Island Urban Tourism: A Residents’ Perspective. Current Issues in Tourism. 2010, Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp. 37–60. 510.1080/13683500802499414POLÁŠKOVÁ, A.: Úvod do ekologie a ochrany životního prostředí. Karolinum, Prague, 2011. ISBN 978-80-246-1927-9.6RAMSEOOK-MUNHURRUN, P.; NAIDOO, P.: Residents’ Attitudes toward Perceived Tourism Benefits. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research. 2011, Vol. 4, Issue 3, pp. 45–56. Available from WWW: https://www.theibfr.com/download/ijmmr/2011-ijmmr/ijmmr-v4n3-2011/IJMMRV4N3-2011-4.pdf7SCAGLIONE, A.; MENDOLA, D.: Measuring the Perceived Value of Rural Tourism: A Field Survey in the Western Sicilian Agritourism Sector. Quality & Quantity. 2017, Vol. 51, pp. 745–763.810.1007/s11135-016-0437-8SWEENEY, J. C.; SOUTAR, G. N.: Consumer Perceived Value: The Development of a Multiple Item Scale. Journal of Retailing. 2001, Vol. 77, Issue 2, pp. 203–220.910.1016/S0022-4359(01)00041-0TISDELL, C. A.: Economic Aspects of Ecotourism: Wildlife-based Tourism and Its Contribution to Nature. Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics. Vol. 5, Issue 1, pp. 83–95.1010.4038/sjae.v5i0.3478TISDELL, C. A.; WILSON, C.: Economic, Educational and Conservation Benefits of Sea Turtle Based Ecotourism: A Study focused on Mon Repos. CRC for Sustainable Tourism. Gold Coast Campus: Griffith University. 2002. ISBN 1-876685-15-8. Available from WWW: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/45937393_Economic_Educational_and_Cons ervation_Benefits_of_Sea_Turtle_Based_Ecotourism_A_Study_focused_on_Mon_Rep os11WOO, E.; KIM, H.; UYSAL, M. (2015). Life Satisfaction and Support for Tourism Development. Annals of Tourism Research. 2015, Vol. 50, pp. 84–97.1210.1016/j.annals.2014.11.001ZÁVODNÁ, L. S.: Udržitelný cestovní ruch: principy, certifikace a měření. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Olomouc, 2015. ISBN 978-80-244-4576-2.13