ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe purpose of this article is the theoretical treatment of organizational structuring aspect, with special emphasis on the role of pyramidal organizational structure in organizational efficiency and effectiveness. More broadly, it talks about the importance of the organizational structure for the division of tasks, roles, responsibilities, authority and so on, as well as the importance of the optimal breadth of management in the success of organizations, respectively in the correct and clear understanding of roles of each member within the organization. Likewise, it is intended that through the study carried out in 50 enterprises in Kosovo, the importance of applying an adequate organizational structure that ensures their success will be presented. The study made it clear at what level the pyramidal organizational structure is applied by these enterprises and how much efficiency and effectiveness this structure has provided to them.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2023_2_01.pdf2023-12-3172210.2478/acc-2023-0001OrganizingPyramidal organizational structureEfficiencyEffectivenessKosovo enterprisesRozafaHajdarirozafa.hajdari@gmail.com1University “Haxhi Zeka” – Peja, Faculty of Business, Department of Business ManagementAUTHORNjomzaJupa2njomza_j12@hotmail.com2University “Haxhi Zeka” – Peja, Faculty of Business, Department of Business ManagementAUTHORWEBER, M. A.: The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. The Free Press, Glencoe, 1947.1CHANDLER, A. D.: Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Induatrial Enterprise. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1962.2TAYLOR, F.: Principles of Scientific Management. Harper & Brothers Publishers, New York, 1911.3FAYOL, H.: General and Industrial Management. Pitman, London, 1949.4GASPARY, E., DE MOURA, G. L., & WEGNER, D.: How Does the Organizational Structure Influence a Work Environment for Innovation. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. 2020, Vol. 24, Issue 2/3, pp. 132-153.510.1504/IJEIM.2020.10027220CHOKHELI, E.: Role of the Organizational Design in the Company’s Success. European Scientific Journal, ESJ. 2015, Vol. 11, Issue 10, pp. 90-94.6DOTY, D. H.; GLICK, W. H.; HUBER, G. P.: Fit, Equifinality, and Organizational Effectiveness: A Test of Two Configurational Theories. The Academy of Management Journal. 1993, Vol. 36, Issue 6, pp. 1196-1250. Available from WWW: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2568107BURTON, R. M.; OBEL, B.: The Science of Organizational Design: Fit Between Structure and Coordination. Journal of Organization Design. 2018, Vol. 7, Issue 5,810.1186/s41469-018-0029-2KANTEN, P.; KANTEN, S.; GURLEK, M.: The Effects of Organizational Structures and Learning Organization on Job Embeddedness and Individual Adaptive Performance. Procedia: Economics and Finance, 2nd Global Conference on Business, Economics, Management and Tourism. 30-31 October 2014, Vol. 23, pp. 1358-1366. Prague, Czech Republic.910.1016/S2212-5671(15)00523-7GURIANOVA, E.; MECHTCHERIAKOVA, S.: Design of Organizational Structures of Management According to Strategy of Development of the Enterprises. Procedia: Economics and Finance, International Conference on Applied Economics, ICOAE. 2-4 July 2015, Vol. 24, pp. 395-401. Kazan, Russia.1010.1016/S2212-5671(15)00695-4MINTZBERG, H.: The Structuring of Organizations. Prentice-Hall, USA, 1979. ISBN-13: 978-0138552701.11MILES, J. A.: Management and Organization Theory. Jossey-Bass, A Wiley Imprint, San Francisco, California, 2012. ISBN 978-1-118-00895-9.12GALBRAITH, J. R.: Designing Organizations: Strategy, Structure and Process at the Business Unit and Enterprise Levels. Jossey-Bass, A Wiley Brand, San Francisco, 2014. eISBN 978-1-118-41729-4.13WEISS, M.: Efficient Organizational Design: Balancing Incentives and Power. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2007. ISBN-13: 978-0-230-51552-9.14DAVID, F. R.; DAVID, F. R.: Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, England, 2017. ISBN 10: 1-292-14849-7.15TRIST, E.; MURRAY, H.: The Social Engagement of Social Science, a Tavistock Anthology, Vol. 2: The Socio-Technical Perspective (Innovations in Organizations Series). University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, USA, 1993, ISBN-13: 978-0812281934.16HATCH, M.; CUNLIFFE, A. L.: Organization Theory: Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern Perspectives. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2013. ISBN 978-0-19-964037-9.17GALBRAITH, J. R.: Designing Complex Organizations. Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts, 1973. ISBN-13: 978-0201025590.18LAWRENCE, P. R.; LORSCH, J. W.: Organization and Environment: Managing Differentiation and Integration. Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, Boston, 1967. ISBN: 0-87584-129-5.19JONES, G. R.: Task Visibility, Free Riding, and Shirking: Explaining the Effect of Organization Structure on Employee Behaviour. The Academy of Management Review. 1984, Vol. 9, Issue 4, pp. 684-695.2010.2307/258490BLAU, P. M.: A Formal Theory of Differentiation in Organizations. American Sociological Review. 1970, Vol. 35, Issue 2, pp. 201-218.2110.2307/2093199JONES, G. R.: Organizational Theory, Design and Change. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, England, 2013. ISBN 13: 978-0-273-76560-8.22CERTO, S. C.; CERTO, S. T.: Modern Management: Concepts and Skills. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, England, 2016. ISBN 978-0-13-385981-2.23KUME, V.: Manaxhimi Strategjik: Teori, Koncepte, Zbatime. Shtëpia Botuese dhe Shtypshkronja Pegi, Tiranë, 2007.24RAMOSAJ, B.: Management: Bazat e Menaxhimit. Universiteti i Prishtinës, Prishtinë, 2013.25ZEQIRI, I.: Menaxhmenti: Koncepte, Praktika, Zhvillim aftësish. Tringa Design, Tetovë, 2006.26van FLEET, D. D.; BEDEIAN, A. G.: A History of the Span of Management. The Academy of Management Review. 1977, Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp. 356–372.2710.2307/257693DAVIS, R. C.: The Fundamentals of Top Management. Harper, New York, 1951. ISBN-10: 0060415800.28NEWMAN, W. H.: Administrative Action. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1951.29NEWMAN, W. H.; LOGAN, J. P.: Management of Expanding Enterprises. Columbia University Press, New York, 1955.3010.7312/newm91906DRUCKER, P. F.: The Practice of Management. Harper & Row, Publishers, New York, 1954.31DRUCKER, P. F.: Management. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, 1973. ISBN-13: 978-006011092532DAVIS, R. C.: Industrial Organization and Management. Harper, New York, 1939.33ROBBINS, S. P.; COULTER, M.: Management. Pearson Education, Inc., USA, 2018. ISBN 10: 0-13- 452760-734

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEEnterprises face several challenges when it comes to their innovation activities. Often, they encounter a number of barriers that impede the creation, introduction, use, and diffusion of eco-innovations, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs have significant innovation potential, and hence it is crucial to identify, clarify, and reduce the barriers that hinder their innovative activity and the development of eco-innovations. The aim of the article is to assess the barriers that negatively affect the eco-innovation activities of Slovak SMEs, to find out which of them are perceived as the most significant in the SMEs studied, and to identify the relationship between the perception of barriers, the size of the enterprises and their previous involvement in eco-innovations. The empirical data were collected in 2023 from a sample of 487 randomly selected Slovak SMEs. The representativeness of the sample was confirmed by the Chi-square goodness of fit test. The authors of the article formulated three hypotheses, which they tested using non-parametric tests. The first two hypotheses assumed a statistically significant effect of the size of the enterprises and their previous experience in implementing eco-innovation on the intensity of the perception of barriers to eco-innovation. These were not confirmed. The third hypothesis was related to the overall ranking of the importance of the barriers to eco-innovation and confirmed that the cost of eco-innovation is the most important barrier for SMEs in Slovakia.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2023_2_02.pdf2023-12-31233610.2478/acc-2023-0002SustainabilitySMEsSignificance of barriersCost of eco-innovationBureaucracy in introducing eco-innovationLadislavKlementladislav.klement@umb.sk1Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Faculty of Economics, Department of Corporate Economics and ManagementAUTHORMiroslavaVinczeovámiroslava.vinczeova@umb.sk2Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Faculty of Economics, Department of Corporate Economics and ManagementAUTHORVladimíraKlementovávladimira.klementova@umb.sk3Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Faculty of Economics, Department of Corporate Economics and ManagementAUTHORCARFORA, A. R.; PASSARO, G.; SCANDURRA, G.; THOMAS, A.: Do determinants of eco-innovations vary? An investigation of innovative SMEs through a quantile regression approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2022.110.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133475JOVÉ-LLOPIS, E.; SEGARRA-BLASCO, A.: Eco-innovation strategies: A panel data analysis of Spanish manufacturing firms. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2018.210.1002/bse.2063MACHIBA, T.: Eco-innovation for enabling resource efficiency and green growth: development of an analytical framework and preliminary analysis of industry and policy practices. International Economics and Economic Policy. 2010.310.1007/s10368-010-0171-yARRANZ, N.; ARROYABE, M. F.; MOLINA-GARCÍA, A.; FERNANDEZ de ARROAYBE, J. C.: Incentives and inhibiting factors of eco-innovation in the Spanish firms. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019.410.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.126MARTINEZ-CONESA, I.; SOTO-ACOSTA, P.; PALACIOS-MANZANO, M.: Corporate social responsibility and its effect on innovation and firm performance: An empirical research in SMEs. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017.510.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.038CHISTOV, V.; CARRILLO-HERMOSILLA, J.; ARAMBURU, N.: Open eco-innovation. Aligning cooperation and external knowledge with the levels of eco-innovation radicalness. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2023.610.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100049CAI, W.; LI, G.: The drivers of eco-innovation and its impact on performance: Evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018.710.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.109BROGI, S.; MENICHINI, T.: Barriers and drivers towards eco-innovation for SMEs: Evidence from the context. Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues. 2021.810.18844/gjbem.v11i2.4697CIAMBOTTI, M.; PALAZZI, F.: Social capital and SMEs: An exploratory case study. Journal of International Business and Economics. 2015.910.18374/JIBE-15-2.4https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.09.038MARKOWSKA, M.: Determinants of eco-innovations – preliminary findings from SME sector in Silesian Voivodeship. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management. 2021.1010.29119/1641-3466.2021.154.13MARIN, G.; MARZUCCHI, A.; ZOBOLI, R.: SMEs and barriers to Eco-innovation in the EU: exploring different firm profiles. Journal of Evolutionary Economics. 2015.1110.1007/s00191-015-0407-7DUGONSKI, F. C. V.; TUMELERO, C.: Barriers and facilitators of technological eco-innovations: a multilevel analysis in a Brazilian cosmetics company. Innovation & Management Review.2021.1210.1108/INMR-07-2021-0131KIEFER, CH. P.; CARRILLO-HERMOSILLA, J.; DEL RIO, P.; BARROSO, F. J. C.: Diversity of eco-innovations: A quantitative approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017.1310.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.241BEYER, K.: Barriers to innovative activity of enterprises in the sustain development in times of crisis. Procedia Computer Science. 2022.1410.1016/j.procs.2022.09.372SIKANDAR, H.; KOHAR, U. H. A.; SANDA, G., SALMAN, A.; CILAN, T.; SHABBIR, M. S.; RAMOS-MEZA, C. S.: Eco-innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): a Systematic Literature Review. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 2023.1510.1007/s13132-023-01367-wDIEZ-MARTINEZ, I.; PEIRO-SIGNES, A.; SEGARRA-OÑA, M.: The links between active cooperation and eco-innovation orientation of firms: A multi-analysis study. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2022.1610.1002/bse.3145KAYIKCI, Y.; KAZANCOGLU, Y.; LAFCI, C.; GOZACAN, N.: Exploring barriers to smart and sustainable circular economy: The case of an automotive eco-cluster. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021.1710.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127920KIRCHHERR, J.; PISCICELLI, L.; BOUR, R.; KOSTENSE-SMIT, E.; MULLER, J.; HUIBRECHTSE-TRUIJENS, A.; HEKKERT, M.: Barriers to the circular economy: Evidence from the European Union. Ecological Economics. 2018.1810.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.04.028LÓPEZ-PÉREZ, G.; SÁNCHEZ, I. M. G.; GÓMEZ, J. L. Z.: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of eco-innovation on financial performance: Identifying barriers and drivers. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2023.1910.1002/bse.3550CECERE, G.; CORROCHER, N.; MANCUSI, M. L.: Financial constraints and public funding of eco-innovation: empirical evidence from European SMEs. Small Business Economics. 2018.2010.1007/s11187-018-0090-9CARRILLO-HERMOSILLA, J.; DEL RIO GONZÁLEZ, P.; KÖNNÖLÄ, T.: Eco-innovation. When sustainability and competitiveness shake hands. 2009.2110.1057/9780230244856MADALENO, M.; ROBAINA, M.; FERREIRA DIAS, M.; MEIRELES, M.: Dimension effects in the relationship between eco-innovation and firm performance: A European comparison. Energy Reports. 2020.2210.1016/j.egyr.2019.09.038PEIRÓ-SIGNES, Á.; SEGARRA-OÑA, M.: How past decisions affect future behavior on eco-innovation: An empirical study. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2018.2310.1002/bse.2071KLEMENT, L.; VINCZEOVÁ, M.; KLEMENTOVÁ, V.: What Prevents Businesses from Carrying out Eco-Innovation Activities? Empirical Research on Barriers in Slovak SMEs. Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Liberec, Czechia, September 5–6, 2023.2410.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-38HINOJOSA, K.: Determinants of Eco-innovation in the Change towards a Circular Economy: An Empirical Analysis of Spanish Firms. Journal of Innovation Economics & Management. 2022.2510.3917/jie.pr1.0119ALOISE, P. G.; MACKE, J.: Eco-innovations in developing countries: The case of Manaus Free Trade Zone (Brazil). Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017.2610.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.212GARCÍA-QUEVEDO, J.; JOVÉ-LLOPIS, E.; MARTÍNEZ-ROS, E.: Barriers to the circular economy in European small and medium-sized firms. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2020.2710.1002/bse.2513GARCÍA-GRANERO, E. M.; PIEDRA-MUÑOZ, L.; GALDEANO-GÓMEZ, E.: Multidimensional Assessment of Eco-Innovation Implementation: Evidence from Spanish Agri-Food Sector. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020.2810.3390/ijerph17041432

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe article investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic growth, specifically focusing on research and development (RandD) expenditures in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland. The analysis spans the periods preceding, during, and following the pandemic. The central objective of the article is to examine whether the pandemic, considering the implemented restrictions and associated financial aid, influenced the economic growth trajectory and the allocation of resources to research and development in the aforementioned Central European countries. The research utilizes time series data from 2011 to 2022, sourced from Eurostat, to track the evolution of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD). Key indicators under scrutiny included GDP, GERD, and RandD intensity – GERD as a percentage of GDP. A chain index was constructed to facilitate not only cross-country comparisons of these indicators but also an examination of year-to-year changes and an analysis of the growth rate of the GERD indicator. The research findings reveal that that COVID-19 really affected not only the development of the monitored economies but also the RandD area, however, it was not the same in all the monitored countries. The impact of the pandemic can be seen in the decline in GDP in all three countries in 2020, but GERD decreased in only two of them – the Czech Republic and Germany. Poland experienced a significant increase in research and development funding in real terms. Both indicators (GDP and GERD) immediately resumed their growth in 2021 in all analyzed countries. From that it can be concluded that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the GDP and GERD of the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland was not of a long-term nature.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2023_2_03.pdf2023-12-31375010.2478/acc-2023-0003GDPGERDInnovationCOVID-19.IouriKotoroviouri.kotorov@irit.fr1University of Toulouse, Computer Science Research Institute of ToulouseAUTHORYuliyaKrasylnykovayuliya.krasylnykova@gmail.com2Karelia University of Applied Sciences, Department of International BusinessAUTHORJaroslavDemeljaroslav.demel@tul.cz3Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Marketing and TradeAUTHORPetrBlaschkepetr.blaschke@gmail.com4Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Marketing and TradeAUTHORKOTOROV, I.; KRASYLNYKOVA, Y.; DEMEL, J.; BLASCHKE, P.: The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Economic Growth and R&D Spending in the EU Countries. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, 2023, pp. 68–76.110.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-08LEOGRANDE, A.: GDP Growth Rate in Europe. Zenodo. Nov. 2022,210.5281/zenodo.7366715SOBAŃSKI, K.: Economic Policy Response to the COVID-19 Crisis: The Case of Poland. In: Bilgin, M. H.; Danis, H.; Demir, E. (eds.), Eurasian Business and Economics Perspectives. Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics. Vol 18, pp 107–118. Springer, Cham.310.1007/978-3-030-71869-5_7ASAD, A. I.; QUDDUS, A.; PAVELKOVÁ, D.: The Scenario of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Financial Innovation in Visegrad Economies: A Systematic Literature Review. [online]. In: 18th International Forum on Knowledge Asset Dynamics (IFKAD 2023). Italy, 2023. Available from WWW: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371371430_The_Scenario_of_Economic_Policy_Uncertainty_and_Financial_Innovation_in_Visegrad_Economies_A_Systematic_Literature_Review4AGARWAL, R.; GAULE, P.: What drives innovation? Lessons from COVID-19 R&D. Journal of Health Economics. 2022, Vol. 82.510.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102591HETTYEY, A. (ed.): Germany and Central Europe: Drifting Apart? [online]. Budapest, 2020. ISBN 978-963-531-122-4 (print), ISBN 978-963-531-123-1 (PDF), ISBN 978-963-531-124-8 (ePub). Available from WWW: https://nkerepo.uni-nke.hu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/15786/WEB-Hettyey%20Andras%20(Editor)%20-%20Germany%20and%20Central%20Europe%20%20%20Drifting%20Apart.pdf?sequence=16HUGGINS, R.; THOMPSON, P.: Entrepreneurial Innovation and the Pandemic: The Resilience and Evolution of Innovation Systems. [online]. 2021. Available from WWW: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354544787_Entrepreneurial_Innovation_and_the_Pandemic_The_Resilience_and_Evolution_of_Innovation_Systems7WACHOWSKA, M.; HOMA, M.: The Role of Ethnic Diversity in Stimulating Innovation Processes: Comparative Analysis of Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. European Research Studies Journal. 2020, Vol. 23, Issue 4, pp. 1157–1176.810.35808/ersj/1736JETIN, B.: How will the COVID-19 pandemic affect the regions? A comparative analysis of the EU and ASEAN. 2021.910.13140/RG.2.2.32889.39527KRASYLNYKOVA, Y.; KOTOROV, I.; DEMEL, J.; MAZZARA, M.; BOBROV, E.: Innopolis University: An Agile and Resilient Academic Institution Navigating the Rocky Waters of the COVID-19 Pandemic. In: Jezic, G.; Chen-Burger, J.; Kusek, M.; Sperka, R.; Howlett, R. J.; Jain, L. C. (eds.), Agents and Multi-agent Systems: Technologies and Applications 2023 (KES-AMSTA 2023). Singapore: Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 383–392.1010.1007/978-981-99-3068-5_36ASLAM, H. et al.: Perception of the Internationalization Process by the University Employees: The Case Study of Innopolis University. In: Auer, M. E.; Pachatz, W.; Rüütmann, T. (eds.), Learning in the Age of Digital and Green Transition (ICL 2022) in Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023, pp. 873–883.1110.1007/978-3-031-26190-9_89SHRESTHA, H.; MEGHA, S.; CHAKRABORTY, S.; MAZZARA, M.; KOTOROV, I.: Face Mask Recognition Based on Two-Stage Detector. In: Abraham, A.; Pllana, S.; Casalino, G.; Ma, K.; Bajaj, A. (eds.), Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA 2022) in Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023, pp. 576–585.1210.1007/978-3-031-35507-3_56MATTILA, M.; YRJÖLÄ, M.; HAUTAMÄKI, P.: Digital transformation of business-to-business sales: what needs to be unlearned? Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management. 2021, Vol. 41, Issue 2, pp. 113–129.1310.1080/08853134.2021.1916396MAROUF, R.; KOTOROV, I.; ASLAM, H.; KRASYLNYKOVA, Y.; PEZER, M.: Thesis Supervision in Computer Science—Challenges and a Gamified Solution. In: Jezic, G.; Chen-Burger, J.; Kusek, M.; Sperka, R.; Howlett, R. J.; Jain, L. C. (eds.), Agents and Multi-agent Systems: Technologies and Applications (KES-AMSTA 2023) in Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 403–412.1410.1007/978-981-99-3068-5_38YULOSKOV, A.; BAHRAMI, M. R.; MAZZARA, M.; IMBUGWA, G. B.; NDUKWE, I.; KOTOROV, I.: Traffic Light Algorithms in Smart Cities: Simulation and Analysis. In: Barolli, L. (ed.), Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2023), in Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023, pp. 222–235.1510.1007/978-3-031-29056-5_21KOTOROV, I.; PÉREZ-SANAGUSTÍN, M.; MANSILLA, F.; KRASYLNYKOVA, Y.; HADAOU, F. T.; BROISIN, J.: Supporting the Monitoring of Institutional Competency in Learning Innovation: The PROF-XXI Tool. In: 2022 XVII Latin American Conference on Learning Technologies (LACLO), Armenia, Colombia: IEEE, 2022, pp. 1–8.1610.1109/LACLO56648.2022.10013323RAYMOND, W.; MAIRESSE, J.; MOHNEN, P.; PALM, F.: Dynamic models of R & D, innovation and productivity: Panel data evidence for Dutch and French manufacturing. European Economic Review. 2015, Vol. 78, pp. 285–306.1710.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.06.002SAVRUL, M.; INCEKARA, A.: The Effect of R&D Intensity on Innovation Performance: A Country Level Evaluation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015, Vol. 210, pp. 388–396.1810.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.386BAUMANN, J.; KRITIKOS, A. S.: The link between R&D, innovation and productivity: Are micro firms different? Research Policy. 2016, Vol. 45, Issue 6, pp. 1263–1274.1910.1016/j.respol.2016.03.008HALL, B. H.; MAIRESSE, J.; MOHNEN, P.: Chapter 24 - Measuring the Returns to R&D. 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Industrial Management & Data Systems. 2022, Vol. 123, Issue 1, pp. 41–63.2810.1108/IMDS-04-2022-0220BLASCHKE, P.; DEMEL, J.; KOTOROV, I.: Innovation Performance of Czech and Finnish Manufacturing Enterprises and their Position in the EU. ACC Journal. 2021, Vol. 27, Issue 2, pp. 7–21.2910.15240/tul/004/2021-2-001BLASCHKE, P.; DEMEL, J.: Innovation Activities of Foreign Companies Presented in the Liberec Region, In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference Liberec Economic Forum 2019. Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, 2019, pp. 102–110. ISBN 978-80-7494-482-6.30EUROSTAT: Glossary: R & D intensity. [online]. [accessed 2023-02-14]. Available from WWW: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:R_%26_D_intensity31EUROSTAT: Gross domestic product at market prices. [online]. [accessed 2023-02-14]. Available from WWW: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/TEC00001__custom_4943644/default/table32EUROSTAT: GERD by sector of performance. [online]. [accessed 2023-02-14]. Available from WWW: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/RD_E_GERDTOT__custom_4941267/default/table33OECD: Business research and innovation have been affected unevenly by the crisis. [online]. [accessed 2023-02-16]. Available from WWW: https://www.oecd.org/sti/science-technology-innovation-outlook/crisis-and-opportunity/businessresearchandinnovationhavebeenaffectedunevenlybythecrisis.htm34WOJNICKA-SYCZ, E.; PIRÓG, K.; TUTAJ, J.; WALENTYNOWICZ, P.; SYCZ, P.; TENBRINK, C.: From adjustment to structural changes – innovation activity of enterprises in the time of COVID-19 pandemic. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research. 2022.3510.1080/13511610.2022.2036951MODGIL, S.; DWIVEDI, Y. K.; RANA, N. P.; GUPTA, S.; KAMBLE, S.: Has Covid-19 accelerated opportunities for digital entrepreneurship? An Indian perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2022, Vol. 175.3610.1016/j.techfore.2021.121415KLOOS, C. D. et al.: PROF-XXI: Teaching and Learning Centers to Support the 21st Century Professor. In: 2021 World Engineering Education Forum/Global Engineering Deans Council (WEEF/GEDC). 2021, pp. 447–454.3710.1109/WEEF/GEDC53299.2021.9657301KOTOROV, I.; KRASYLNYKOVA, Y.; ZHDANOV, P.; MAZZARA, M.: Internationalization Strategy of Innopolis University. In: Bruel, J.-M.; Capozucca, A.; Mazzara, M.; Meyer, B.; Naumchev, A.; Sadovykh, A. (eds.), Frontiers in Software Engineering Education (FISEE 2019) in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 12271. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020, pp. 327–340.3810.1007/978-3-030-57663-9_21KOTOROV, I. et al.: Institutional Commitment and Leadership as Prerequisites for Successful Comprehensive Internationalization. In: Succi, G.; Ciancarini, P.; Kruglov, A. (eds.), Frontiers in Software Engineering (ICFSE 2021) in Communications in Computer and Information Science. 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ORIGINAL_ARTICLETeam roles, personal character, and temperament play a key role in team management. The unique approach brought by Dr. M. Belbin´s unique approach, known as the Belbin Team Roles, is widely used in education, research, and professional consultancy. However, there is a significant gap in research on team roles in family businesses, which hinders the understanding of a specific form of human economic activity: family business. The aim of this article is to show the methodology used in the research of team roles in family businesses, with a focus on family business quality in one specific Czech company. The company was evaluated using Belbin Team Roles 360-degrees analysis and a Family Business Quality self-evaluating questionnaire. This case study provides a foundation for future research in this area.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2023_2_04.pdf2023-12-31516210.2478/acc-2023-0004Belbin Team RolesFamily BusinessBusiness qualityTeamSocial entrepreneurshipOndřejLinhartondrej.linhart@tul.cz1Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration and ManagementAUTHORPetraRydvalovápetra.rydvalova@tul.cz2Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration and ManagementAUTHORPETRUSEK, M, (ed.): Velký sociologický slovník. 2: P - Ž. Praha: Karolinum; 1996.1KETS de VRIES, M. F. R.; CARLOCK, R. S.; FLORENT-TREACY, E.: Family Business on the Couch: A Psychological Perspective.Chichester: John Wiley, 2008. ISBN 978-0-470-51671-3.2AMSP ČR: Projekt „Rodinná firma“. [online]. 2017 [accessed 2023-10-29]. Available from WWW: https://amsp.cz/projekt-rodinna-firma/3ZELLWEGER, T.: Managing the Family Business: Theory and Practice. Cheltenham, UK Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing; 2017. ISBN-13: 978-1783470709.4TAGIURI, R.; DAVIS, J.: Bivalent Attributes of the Family Firm. Family Business Review. 1996, Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 199–208.510.1111/j.1741-6248.1996.00199.xANDERSON, R. C.; MANSI, S. A.; REEB, D. M.: Board characteristics, accounting report integrity, and the cost of debt. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 2004, Vol. 37, Issue 3, pp. 315–342.610.1111/j.1467-8683.2009.00760.xBEDNÁR, R.; LJUDVIGOVÁ, I.: Belbin team roles in a start-up team. In: Hrušovská D.; Kmety Barteková, M.; Kozáková, M. (eds.), SHS Web Conference. Current Problems of the Corporate Sector. 2020, Volume 83.710.1051/shsconf/20208301002BATENBURG, R.; van WALBEEK, W, in der MAUR, W.: Belbin role diversity and team performance: is there a relationship? Journal of Management Development. 2013, Vol. 32, Issue 8, pp. 901–913.810.1108/JMD-08-2011-0098SENIOR, B.: Team roles and team performance: Is there ‘really’ a link? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 1997, Vol. 70, Issue 3, pp. 241–258.910.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00646.xPARTINGTON, D.; HARRIS, H.: Team role balance and team performance: an empirical study. Journal of Management Development. 1999, Vol. 18, Issue 8, pp. 694–705.1010.1108/02621719910293783FARRINGTON, S. M.; VENTER, E.; BOSHOFF, Ch.: The Role of Selected Team Design Elements in Successful Sibling Teams. Family Business Review. 2012, Vol. 25, Issue 2, pp. 191–205.1110.1177/0894486511426871BELBIN, M.: The Nine Belbin Team Roles. [online]. 2022 [accessed 2023-09-02]. Available from WWW: https://www.belbin.com/about/belbin-team-roles12JÁČ, I. et al.: Typologie a hodnocení vitality rodinného podnikání. [online]. Liberec: Technická univerzita v Liberci, 2017. eISBN 978-80-7494-352-2. Available from WWW: https://efis.tul.cz/rp/pdf/TaHVRP_el_verze.pdf13MPO: Definice rodinného podniku. 2020. [online]. [accessed 2023-10-30]. Available from WWW: https://www.mpo.cz/cz/podnikani/rodinne-podnikani/definice/definice-rodinneho-podniku--253096/14BELBIN, M.: Belbin Reports. [online]. 2022 [accessed 2023-11-02]. https://www.belbin.com/about/belbin-reports15

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe global financial crisis has shown that property prices can significantly affect the financial sector and the real economy. More multinational investors are active in the commercial real estate market compared to the residential sector, which, according to the European Central Bank, increases the risk of spill-over of financial instability from abroad. Although the evolution of commercial property prices may increase the probability of default of firms operating in this sector, more attention is not given to a detailed analysis, which focuses mainly on residential property. This article analyses the development of the commercial real estate capital value index in the Czech Republic. The analysis revealed that, unlike the global economic crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic had a different impact on individual commercial real estate markets.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2023_2_05.pdf2023-12-31637010.2478/acc-2023-0005Commercial real estateCRECVI indexOffice spaceStorage facilitiesRetail spaceMichaelaMatouškovámichaela.matouskova@tul.cz1Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Finance and AccountingAUTHORBRADÁČ, A.: Teorie a praxe oceňování nemovitých věcí. Akademické nakladatelství CERM, s.r.o. Brno, 2021. ISBN 978-80-7623-066-8.1BROOKS, CH.: Introductory Econometrics for Finance. Cambridge University Press, 2019. ISBN 978-11-0843-682-3.2CUSHMAN & WAKEFIELD: Commercial Real Estate Capital Value Index [Data set]. Available from WWW: https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/czech-republic3EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK.: Financial Stability Review. Eurosystem, 2023. ISSN 1830-2025. Available from WWW: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/fsr/ecb.fsr202305~65f8cb74d7.en.pdf4EUROSTAT: Commercial property price indicators: sources, methods and issues. Publications office of the European Union, 2017. ISBN 978-92-79-63964-7. ISSN 2529-3222.510.2785/3908GYOURKO, J.: Understanding Commercial Real Estate: How Different from Housing Is It? The Journal of Portfolio Management, Special Real Estate Issue. 2009, Vol. 35, Issue 5, pp. 23–37.610.3905/JPM.2009.35.5.023HLAVÁČEK, M; KOMÁREK, L.: Rovnovážnost cen nemovitostí v České republice. Politická ekonomie. 2010, Vol. 58, Issue 3, pp. 326–342. ISSN 2336-8225.710.18267/j.polek.733HLAVÁČEK, M.; NOVOTNÝ, O.; RUSNÁK, M.: Analýza cen komerčních nemovitostí v zemích střední Evropy. Politická ekonomie. 2016, Vol. 64, Issue 1, pp. 3–18.810.18267/j.polek.1051JLL: Prague Office Market. 2023. Available from WWW: https://www.jll.cz/content/dam/jllcom/documents/pdf/research/emea/czechrepublic/en/jll-en-prague-office-market-report-q1-2023.pdf9MATOUŠKOVÁ, M.: Development of the Office Space Prices on the Czech Market. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Technical University of Liberec, 2023. ISBN: 978-80-7494-672-1, p. 566–573.1010.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-60MAŘÍK, M. a kol.: Metody oceňování podniku. 4th ed. Ekopress, 2018. ISBN 978-80-87865-38-5.11SAVILLS: Czech Republic Industrial Market. Savills Commercial Research, 2023. Available from WWW: https://pdf.euro.savills.co.uk/czech-republic/2023-q2-industrial-eng.pdf12SAVILLS: Kancelářský trh v Praze. Savills Commercial Research, 2023. Available from WWW: https://pdf.euro.savills.co.uk/czech-republic/2023-q1-offices-cze-final.pdf13SAVILLS: European Logistics Outlook. Savills Commercial Research, 2023. Available from WWW: https://pdf.euro.savills.co.uk/european/european-investments/spotlight---european-logistics-outlook-q1-2023.pdf14SAVILLS: European Office Outlook. Savills Commercial Research, 2023. Available from WWW: https://pdf.euro.savills.co.uk/european/european-commercial-markets/eme-office-spotlight-q2-2023.pdf15SAVILLS: European Investment: Q3 Preliminary Results. Savills Commercial Research, 2023. Available from WWW: https://pdf.euro.savills.co.uk/european/european-investments/spotlight-european-investment-q3-preliminary-results.pdf16

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe purpose of this article is to present an innovative framework for assessing digital start-ups and smaller companies using a fuzzy set approach, considering the founder’s expertise, product marketability, financial health, and social media presence. Four Czech digital startups were analyzed by both human experts and an artificial intelligence model. The methodology is based on using a fuzzy additive ratio assessment. Each start-up was evaluated on a five-point scale, with the results compared to Deloitte’s FAST 50 rank. The AI and human evaluations differed, with humans placing more emphasis on the founder's experience and product appeal. As a practical contribution, the article suggests a valuation framework involving both human and AI expertise for interactive comparison and update. The article highlights the value of AI in start-up assessment, stressing the necessity of merging human and artificial intelligence in decision-making. To date of the publication, no study combining human expertise and artificial intelligence using fuzzy sets was found. Therefore, both methodology and results can be considered innovative and original.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2023_2_06.pdf2023-12-31718310.2478/acc-2023-0006Digital start-upsArtificial intelligenceFuzzy setsCompany evaluationJiříPešíkpesikj@fek.zcu.cz1University of West Bohemia, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration and ManagementAUTHORPetraTaušl Procházkovápprochaz@fek.zcu.cz2University of West Bohemia, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration and ManagementAUTHORMartinJanuškamjanuska@fek.zcu.cz3University of West Bohemia, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration and ManagementAUTHORBOCKEN, N. M. P.: Sustainable venture capital – catalyst for sustainable start-up success? Journal of Cleaner Production. 2015, Vol. 108, Part A, pp. 647–658.110.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.079FESTEL, G.; WUERMSEHER, M.; CATTANEO, G.: Valuation of Early Stage High-tech Start-up Companies. International Journal of Business. [online]. 2013, Vol. 18, Issue 3, pp. 216–231. Available from WWW: https://ijb.cyut.edu.tw/var/file/10/1010/img/859/V183-3.pdf2ACHIMSKÁ, V.: Start-ups, bearers of innovation in globalizing environment and their valuation. In: The 19th International Scientific Conference Globalization and its Socio-Economic Consequences 2019 – Sustainability in the Global-Knowledge Economy in SHS Web Conf. 2020, Vol. 74.310.1051/shsconf/20207401001BROOKS, A. W.; HUANG, L.; KEARNEY, S. W.; MURRAY, F. E.: Investors prefer entrepreneurial ventures pitched by attractive men. PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2014, Vol. 111, Issue 12, pp. 4427–4431.410.1073/pnas.1321202111WIDYANTO, H. A.; DALIMUNTHE, Z.; TRIONO, R. A.: How Venture Capital Firms Evaluate Indonesian Start-Ups for Financing. In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Business Information Management Association Conference (IBIMA). [online]. 2019. ISBN 978-0-9998551-2-6. Available from WWW: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=37298475CRICK, J. M.; CRICK, D.: Angel investors’ predictive and control funding criteria: The importance of evolving business models. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship. 2018, Vol. 20, Issue 1, pp. 34–56.610.1108/JRME-11-2016-0043PORTMANN, D.; MLAMBO, Ch.: Private equity and venture capital in South Africa: A comparison of project financing decisions. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences. 2013, Vol. 16, Issue 3, pp. 258–278.710.4102/sajems.v16i3.354FICHTER, L.; von BERNSTORFF, C.; ROHRMANN, S.: The necessity of targeted aptitude diagnostics for company founders: relationships between personality traits, perceived stress, satisfaction, and performance. Heliyon. 2020, Vol. 6, Issue 9.810.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04987GARKAVENKO, M.; BELIAEVA, T.; GAUSSIER, E.; MIRISAEE, H.; LAGNIER, C.; GUERRAZ, A.: Assessing the Factors Related to a Start-Up’s Valuation Using Prediction and Causal Discovery. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2022, Vol. 47, Issue 5.910.1177/10422587221121291KEPPLER, S. B.; OLARU, M.; MARIN, G.: Fostering Entrepreneurial Investment Decision in Medical Technology Ventures in a Changing Business Environment. Amfiteatru Economic. [online]. 2015, Vol. 17, Issue 38, pp. 390–407. Available from WWW: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/168923/1/aej-v17-i38-p0390.pdf10MILLER, A.; SCAHILL, S.; WARREN, L.: Investor motivations of a New Zealand biopharma start-up: Angels and crowdfunders. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. 2019, Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 252–262.1110.1177/1465750319877391ZADEH, L. A.: Fuzzy sets. Information and Control. 1965, Vol. 8, Issue 3, pp. 338–353.1210.1016/S0019-9958(65)90241-XKLIR, G. J.; YUAN, B.: Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1995. ISBN 0-13-101171-5.13ARSENYAN, J.: Fuzzy Rule-Based Decision Support System for Technology Start-Up Selection Problem. In: Loue, C.; BenSlimane, S. (eds.), Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (ECIE 2017). Paris, France, 2017, pp. 40–49.14GOUMAS, M.; LYGEROU, V.: An extension of the PROMETHEE method for decision making in fuzzy environment: Ranking of alternative energy exploitation projects. European Journal of Operational Research. 2000, Vol. 123, Issue 3, pp. 606–613.1510.1016/S0377-2217(99)00093-4GUL, M.; CELIK, E.; GUMUS, A. T.; GUNERI, A. F.: A fuzzy logic based PROMETHEE method for material selection problems. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2018, Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp. 68–79.1610.1016/J.BJBAS.2017.07.002KRISHANKUMAR, R.; RAVICHANDRAN, K. S.; SAEID, A. B.: A new extension to PROMETHEE under intuitionistic fuzzy environment for solving supplier selection problem with linguistic preferences. Applied Soft Computing. 2017, Vol. 60, pp. 564–576.1710.1016/J.ASOC.2017.07.028OZSAHIN, D. U.; OZSAHIN, I.: A Fuzzy PROMETHEE Approach for Breast Cancer Treatment Techniques. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences – (IJMRHS). [online]. 2018, Vol. 7, Issue 5, pp. 29–32. ISSN 2319-5886. Available from WWW: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325194072_A_Fuzzy_PROMETHEE_Approach_for_Breast_Cancer_Treatment_Techniques18OZSAHIN, D. U.; UZUN, B.; MUSA, M. S.; ŞENTÜRK, N.; NURÇIN, F. V.; OZSAHIN, I.: Evaluating nuclear medicine imaging devices using fuzzy PROMETHEE method. Procedia Computer Science. 2017, Vol. 120, pp. 699–705.1910.1016/J.PROCS.2017.11.298PENG, Y.; KOU, G.; LI, J.: A Fuzzy PROMETHEE Approach for Mining Customer Reviews in Chinese. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2014, Vol. 39, pp. 5245–5252.2010.1007/S13369-014-1033-7ELEVLI, B.: Logistics Freight Center Locations Decision by Using Fuzzy-PROMETHEE. Transport. 2014, vol. 29, Issue 4, pp. 412–418.2110.3846/16484142.2014.983966WIĘCKOWSKI, J.; KIZIELEWICZ, B.; SAŁABUN, W.: pyFDM: A Python library for uncertainty decision analysis methods. SoftwareX. 2022, Vol. 20.2210.1016/J.SOFTX.2022.101271FU, Y.-K.; WU, Ch.-J.; LIAO, Ch.-N.: Selection of In-Flight Duty-Free Product Suppliers Using a Combination Fuzzy AHP, Fuzzy ARAS, and MSGP Methods. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2021.2310.1155/2021/8545379ZAVADSKAS, E. K.; TURSKIS, Z.; VILUTIENE, T.: Multiple criteria analysis of foundation instalment alternatives by applying Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method. 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ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThis article looks at how artificial intelligence affects the teaching of accounting in secondary schools. The article is divided into three parts. The first part of the article is devoted to literature research on the topic of the implementation of artificial intelligence in the curriculum within the subject of accounting. In the second part of the article, the methodology for the implementation of the author’s own research is described. The third part of this article deals with the research itself, whether artificial intelligence is implemented in the curriculum of secondary schools, within the subject of accounting. The pupils are already preparing for their future profession in schools, which has already moved forward thanks to the implementation of artificial intelligence. 43 respondents participated in the research that was conducted in two secondary schools where the subject of Accounting is taught.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2023_2_07.pdf2023-12-31849110.2478/acc-2023-0007Artificial intelligenceCurriculumAccounting subjectStudentsHigh schoolPavlínaPetrovápavlina.petrova@tul.cz1Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Finance and AccountingAUTHORSTANCU, M. S.; DUŢESCU, A.: The impact of the Artificial Intelligence on the accounting profession, a literature’s assessment. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence. 2021, Vol. 15, Issue 1, pp. 749–758.110.2478/picbe-2021-0070YUE, J.: Research on the Reform of Accounting Teaching Mode under the Impact of Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020.210.1088/1742-6596/1651/1/012003BALDWIN-MORGAN, A. A.: Integrating artificial intelligence into the accounting curriculum. Accounting Education. 1995, Vol 4, Issue 3, pp. 217–229.310.1080/09639289500000026KAL, K.: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Accounting Profession. 2023. [accessed 2023-09-25]. Available from WWW: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/impact-artificial-intelligence-accounting-profession-kal-hawari4HOLMES, A. F.; DOUGLASS, A.: Artificial Intelligence: Reshaping the Accounting Profession and the Disruption to Accounting Education. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting. 2022, Vol. 19, Issue1, pp. 53–68.510.2308/JETA-2020-054EVROPSKÝ PARLAMENT: Co je umělá inteligence a jak ji využíváme? 2020. [accessed 2023-09-25]. Available from WWW: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/cs/headlines/society/20200827STO85804/umela-inteligence-definice-a-vyuziti6VLÁDA ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY: Umělá inteligence. 2021. [accessed 2023-09-25]. Available from WWW: https://www.vlada.cz/cz/evropske-zalezitosti/umela-inteligence/umela_inteligence/umela-inteligence-192765/7CAHLÍK, V.; JINDRA, V.: Co to vlastně je umělá inteligence. 2022. [accessed 2023-09-25]. Available from WWW: https://aidetem.cz/obecny-uvod-do-umele-inteligence/co-to-vlastne-je-ai/8EDER, L.: 10 profesí, které nahradí umělá inteligence. Najdete mezi nimi tu svou? 2023. [accessed 2023-09-25]. Available from WWW: https://firstclass.cz/2023/04/10-profesi-ktere-nahradi-umela-inteligence-najdete-mezi-nimi-tu-svou/?wmc9

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe article extends existing research on the issue of environmental awareness in the tertiary education space. The aim of the article is to identify relevant activities for building the university’s environmental identity and environmental awareness in the European area. The results of the research confirmed that the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations are being used in selected public universities, with activities focusing mainly on emissions, water, energy, food, waste reduction and recycling, finance, transportation, social responsibility, sustainability policies and strategies, and student/employee participation. The questionnaire survey showed that the topic of green activities at Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica (MBU) for employees is very important or important. Experts generally consider the most important strategic documents that reflect the current and future situation and respond to the idea of sustainable development for future generations, cooperation with other institutions and organizations, including active participation in environmental awareness-raising activities.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2023_2_08.pdf2023-12-319211110.2478/acc-2023-0008Public universitiesGreen universitySustainable developmentQuestionnaire surveySoňaPriščákovásona.priscakova@umb.sk1Matej Bel University, RectorateAUTHORAlexandraPančíkováalexandra.mertinkova@umb.sk2Matej Bel University, RectorateAUTHORPRIŠČÁKOVÁ, S.; MERTINKOVÁ, A.: Uplatnenie študentov Univerzity Mateja Bela s ohľadom na aktívne nástroje zamestnanosti. Ekonomika a spoločnosť. 2021, Vol. 22, Issure 1.110.24040/eas.2021.22.1.137-156UNTERMÜLLER, V.: Manuál copywritingu. Grada Publishing, Praha, 2019. ISBN 978-80-271-2585-2.2DRUCKER, P. F.: The practice of management. 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ORIGINAL_ARTICLEA significant amount of the existing literature on the motives of Generation Z is rooted in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which social restrictions played a crucial role in communication and interaction with friends and the world. However, since the pandemic is over now, there is a curiosity about the current motivations driving young people to use the TikTok platform. This study involved surveying over 200 participants in Germany and Kazakhstan within the specified age group to explore their motives for using the TikTok platform. The collected data underwent correlation and regression analysis to identify the primary motivators. For active usage, where participants engage in producing and uploading content, the primary motivations include expressing personal creativity, perceiving oneself as an influencer, and the need to try out new things. This research aims to provide contemporary insights into the evolving motivations of young individuals within the post-pandemic landscape.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2023_2_09.pdf2023-12-3111212410.2478/acc-2023-0009TikTokSocial mediaUser motivesActive usageCreativityTrying out new thingsInfluencer roleSebastianZipssebastian.zips@hszg.de1Hochschule Zittau-Görlitz, Faculty of Business, Department of MarketingAUTHORJulieHolendovájulie.holendova@tul.cz2Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of MarketingAUTHORSTATISTA: Most popular social networks worldwide as of January 2023, ranked by number of monthly active users. [online]. 2023. [accessed 2023-05-23]. Available from WWW: https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/1QUIROZ, N. T.: TikTok: La aplicación favorita durante el aislamiento. Revista Argentina De Estudios De Juventud. 2020, Vol. 14, e044.210.24215/18524907e044ZENG, J.; ABIDIN, C.; SCHÄFER, M. 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