ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe aim of the article was to assess the awareness of consumer rights on the example of the residents of the Karkonosze district. The main goal was deagglomerated into specific goals, which are assessment of consumers' knowledge of the law and their skillful use, assessment of sellers’ knowledge of the law, determining the frequency and specificity of problems with which consumers contact the Consumer Rights Adviser of the Region. The main research hypothesis was that consumerism is one of the newest trends in consumption, and in the Karkonosze region, awareness of consumer rights is at a subjectively average level. The analysis of research, which included a survey among the residents of the Karkonosze district, interviews with sellers and the Consumer Rights Adviser of the Region, and an analysis of secondary research, confirmed the hypothesis. The research also showed that the majority of respondents maintain a neutral attitude towards legal regulations, but they know how to use them correctly and are able to propose necessary changes.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2024_2_05.pdf2024-08-31244610.2478/acc-2024-0005Consumer behaviorConsumer protectionConsumer rights.DominikaChabroschabros.dominika@gmail.com1Wroclaw University of Economics and Business Branch in Jelenia Góra, Department of Tourism Marketing and ManagementAUTHORAMA (2024). Consumer Behavior. https://www.ama.org/topics/consumer-behavior/1ARSLEGE (2024). Art. 76. Ochrona konsumentów. https://arslege.pl/ochrona-konsumentow/k15/a5307/2Bednarikova, M., & Kostalova, J. (2021). Sharing economy in the Czech Republic. In: Hradec Economic Days.310.36689/uhk/hed/2021-01-004bisnes.gov (2023). Jakie prawa przysługują twojemu klientowi – prawa konsumenta. https://www.biznes.gov.pl/pl/portal/003094Cambridge Dictionary (2024). Consumer. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/consumer5Gajdzik, B., Jaciow, M., & Wolny, R. (2023). Types of E-Consumers and their Implications for Sustainable Consumption—A study of the behavior of Polish E-Consumers in the second decade of the 21st century. Sustainability, 15(16), 12647.610.3390/su151612647ISAP (2022). Obwieszczenie marszałka Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 9 czerwca 2022 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu ustawy Kodeks cywilny. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU202200013607Kacprzak-Choińska, A. (2007). Konsument ponowoczesny. Nowe trendy w zachowaniach nabywczych i ich konsekwencje dla marketingu. Studia i Materiaïy S Wydziaï ZarzÈdzania UW. Uniwersytet Warszawski, pp. 14–20. http://sim.wz.uw.edu.pl/sites/default/files/artykuly/sim_2007_2_kacprzak-choinska.pdf8Kieżel, E., & Burgiel, A. (2017). Wiedza ekonomiczna konsumentów a racjonalność ich zachowań, C.H. Beck, ISBN 978-83-812-8042-6.9Markiewicz, J. (2015). Nowa rola klienta w procesie tworzenia wartości. Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici. 41(2), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.12775/aunc_zarz.2014.02510Moczydłowska, J. M., & Bitkowska, A. (2020). Koncepcja zarządzania relacjami z klientami — istota, cele, zakres. Marketing i Rynek, 2020(9), 3–12.1110.33226/1231-7853.2020.9.1Richardson, M. (2024). Pros v. Cons of a Sales Career. https://brooksgroup.com/sales-training-blog/pros-and-cons-sales-career/12Rosa, G. (Ed.) (2015). Konsument na rynku usług, C.H. Beck, ISBN 978-83-255-6682-1.13Samson, M. (2013). Development of the idea of consumer protection after 1962. Consumer in legal and economic terms. Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne, 3(63), 163–174.1410.15290/ose.2013.03.63.10Śleszyńska-Świderska, A. (2017). Zachowania polskich konsumentów w warunkach globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego. Rozprawa doktorska. Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Wydział Ekonomii i Zarządzania. https://repozytorium.uwb.edu.pl/jspui/bitstream/11320/6767/1/A_Sleszynska-Swiderska_Zachowania_polskich_konsumentow.pdf15Smyczek, S. (2019). Customer protection standards in Europe, Placet, ISBN 978-8374881975.16Sobczyk, G. (2014). Współczesna konsumpcja – nowe trendy na polskim rynku. Zeszyty Naukowe WSEI seria: EKONOMIA, 9(2/2014), 87–104. https://web.archive.org/web/20180428144513id_/http:/www.wydawnictwo.wsei.eu/index.php/znec/article/viewFile/275/26117Światowy, G. (2006). Zachowania konsumentów, PWE. https://www.empik.com/zachowania-konsumentow-swiatowy-grazyna,2301747,ksiazka-p18Szul, E. (2013). Prosumpcja jako aktywność współczesnych konsumentów - uwarunkowania i przejawy. Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy, http://bazekon.icm.edu.pl/bazekon/element/bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-00017125350719Vohs, R. (2023). 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ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThis study examines workers’ attitudes toward digital transformation and job well-being in the semiconductor industry, focusing on a major German manufacturer, to identify ergonomic and managerial potentials for improvement. Through a standardized paper survey of 46 skilled workers in 2021, it explores the impact of automation and digitalization on well-being and the influence of job characteristics and attitudes on workers’ behavior. For confirmatory hypothesis testing, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated between the variables. The results show no direct link between company digitalization efforts and worker well-being. However, worker identification with their job and interest in new technologies positively correlate with willingness to embrace digital challenges and participate in further education. These findings suggest fostering job identification and tech interest can enhance engagement in digital initiatives, offering organizational insights for navigating digital transformation.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2024_2_06.pdf2024-08-31476210.2478/acc-2024-0006Semiconductor industryAutomationJob characteristicsTechnology commitmentHuman factorsMental and physical well-beingFabianLindnerfabian.lindner@hszg.de1Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business Administration and Engineering, SCO-TTi LabAUTHORKazimierz AdamPrzybyszkazimierz_adam.przybysz@hszg.de2Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business Administration and Engineering, SCO-TTi LabAUTHORGermarSchneidergermar.schneider@infineon.com3AUTHORSophiaKeilsophia.keil@hszg.de4Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business Administration and Engineering, SCO-TTi LabAUTHORBureau, M., Dauzère-Pérès, S., & Mati, Y. (2006). Scheduling challenges and approaches in semiconductor manufacturing. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 39(3), 739–744.110.3182/20060517-3-FR-2903.00370Büssing, A., Glaser, J., & Höge, T. (2004). Gesundheitsförderliche Arbeitsgestaltung. In: M. T. Meifert & M. Kesting (Eds.), Gesundheitsmanagement im Unternehmen, pp. 101–120. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.210.1007/978-3-642-17122-2_8Britannica (2024). Industrial Revolution. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Industrial-Revolution3Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393350647.4de Nul, L., Breque, M., & Petridis, A. (2021). Industry 5.0: Towards a sustainable, human centric and resilient European industry. European Commission, Directorate General for Research and Innovation.510.2777/308407Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). 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Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0. https://www.din.de/resource/blob/76902/e8cac883f42bf28536e7e8165993f1fd/recommendations-for-implementing-industry-4-0-data.pdf12Keil, S. (2012). Flussorientierte Gestaltung von Produktionssystemen. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.1310.1007/978-3-8349-3997-5Keil, S., Lindner, F., Moser, J., von der Weth, R., & Schneider, G. (2020). Competency Requirements at Digitalized Workplaces in the Semiconductor Industry. In Keil, Lasch, Lindner & Lohmer (Eds.), Digital Transformation in Semiconductor Manufacturing, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 670, pp. 88–106. Springer International Publishing.1410.1007/978-3-030-48602-0_9Keil, S., Lindner, F., Schneider, G., & Jakubowitz, T. (2019). A Planning Approach for an Effective Digitalization of Processes in Mature Semiconductor Production Facilities. In: 2019 30th Annual SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference (ASMC).1510.1109/ASMC.2019.8791830Mack, C. A. (2011). Fifty Years of Moore's Law. IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing, 24(2), 202–207.1610.1109/TSM.2010.2096437Maddikunta, P. K. R., Pham, Q.-V., B, P., Deepa, N., Dev, K., Gadekallu, T. R., Ruby, R., & Liyanage, M. (2022). Industry 5.0: A survey on enabling technologies and potential applications. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, Vol. 26, 100257.1710.1016/j.jii.2021.100257MIT Center for Digital Business & Capgemini Consulting. (2011). Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for Billion-Dollar Organizations. https://www.capgemini.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Digital_Transformation__A_Road-Map_for_Billion-Dollar_Organizations.pdf18Muro, M., Liu, S., Whiton, J., & Kulkarni, S. (2017). Digitalization and the American workforce. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/digitalization-and-the-american-workforce/19Mühlan, K., Przybysz, K. A., Lindner, F., Akrmanová, D., Winkler, D., & Keil, S. (2021). A Review and Implementation Framework of Industrial Augmented Reality. In: 2021 IEEE 26th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA).2010.1109/ETFA45728.2021.9613426NACE Rev. 2.1 (2023). Official Journal of the European Union, L 19, 5–42. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2023/137/oj21Neyer, F. J., Felber, J., & Gebhardt, C. (2012). Entwicklung und Validierung einer Kurzskala zur Erfassung von Technikbereitschaft. Diagnostica, 58(2), 87–99.2210.1026/0012-1924/a000067R Core Team (2021). The Comprehensive R Archive Network. [Computer software]. https://cran.r-project.org23Richter, A., Heinrich, P., Stocker, A., & Schwabe, G. (2018). Digital Work Design. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 60(3), 259–264.2410.1007/s12599-018-0534-4xRomero, D., Stahre, J., Wuest, T., Noran, O., Bernus, P., Fast-Berglund, Å., & Gorecky, D. (2016). Towards an operator 4.0 typology: a human-centric perspective on the fourth industrial revolution technologies. In: CIE46 Proceedings. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309609488_Towards_an_Operator_40_Typology_A_Human-Centric_Perspective_on_the_Fourth_Industrial_Revolution_Technologies25Schneider, G., Luhn, G., Lindner, F., Keil, S., & von der Weth, R. (2022). Human-centered workplaces in the digital transformation of the semiconductor industry – a step towards high and intelligent automation (HIA). In: Machuca, Matsui, Matsuo & Sano (Eds.), Operations Management and Strategy in the Era of Technological Revolution. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.724454126Schneider, G., Keil, S., & Lindner, F. (2021). Benefits of Digitalization for Business Processes in Semiconductor Manufacturing. In: 2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), 1027–1033.2710.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453611The jamovi Project (2022). open statistical software for the desktop and cloud. [Computer software]. https://www.jamovi.org28Venkatesh, V., & Bala, H. (2008). Technology Acceptance Model 3 and a Research Agenda on Interventions. Decision Sciences, 39(2), 273–315.2910.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00192.xvon der Weth, R., Jakubowitz, T., Oeste, S., Saifoulline, R. & Schneider, G. (2022). Simulation Based Work Design for Future Work Systems. In: Machuca, J., Matsui, Y., Matsuo, H., Sano, H. & Tomita, J. (Eds.), Operations Management and Strategy in the Era of Technological Revolution: Proceedings of the 6th World Conference on Production and Operations Management.30

ORIGINAL_ARTICLENon-fungible Tokens (NFTs), represent a revolution in the digital ownership paradigm. NFTs are a kind of digital asset built on blockchain technology, most commonly the Ethereum blockchain, that validate the uniqueness and ownership of a unique digital item in question. Each NFT carries specific information or attributes that make it original and non-fungible. Unlike cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin or Ethereum, which are identical to each other, non-fungible tokens cannot be exchanged on a like-for-like basis making them non-fungible. NFTs are traded for cryptocurrencies via online trading platforms. Investment in NFTs can present a risky situation due to the large volatility of the assets in a quite short time. This article focuses on identification of key aspects that influence decision making process of potential investors who are considering buying non-fungible tokens as an investment tool in the Czech Republic. From the point of view of investment decision-making, the primary factors appear to be the expected income from the investment, its payback period, and the risk that the investor undertakes. It has been proven that there is a degree of dependence between gender and the mentioned decision-making factors. The research showed that men are more inclined to make decisions based on expected returns, while women are more likely to make decisions based on perceived risk.2024-08-31637510.2478/acc-2024-0007Non-fungible tokensIntangible assetsCrypto assetsInvestmentInvestment decision process.KryštofTichýkrystof.tichy@tul.cz1Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Finances and AccountingAUTHORAlmeida, J., & Gonçalves, T. C. (2023). A systematic literature review of investor behavior in the cryptocurrency markets. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 37, 100785.110.1016/j.jbef.2022.100785Ananzeh, I. N., & Al-Smadi, M. O. (2024). Inspecting the efficiency of cryptocurrency markets: New evidence. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 14(1), Article 1.210.55493/5002.v14i1.4941Cryptocurrencies—Czechia | Statista Market Forecast. (2023). Statista. https://www.statista.com/outlook/fmo/digital-assets/cryptocurrencies/czechia3Griffin, C. (2022). Mastering NFT: Create, Sell and Invest in Non-Fungible Tokens and Digital Art. Top Notch International. ISBN 978-1915331229.4Mercik, A., Słoński, T., & Karaś, M. (2024). Understanding crypto-asset exposure: An investigation of its impact on performance and stock sensitivity among listed companies. International Review of Financial Analysis, 92, 103070.510.1016/j.irfa.2024.103070Mokni, K., El Montasser, G., Ajmi, A. N., & Bouri, E. (2024). On the efficiency and its drivers in the cryptocurrency market: The case of Bitcoin and Ethereum. Financial Innovation, 10(1). Scopus.610.1186/s40854-023-00566-3NFT - Worldwide | Statista Market Forecast. (2023). Statista. https://www.statista.com/outlook/fmo/digital-assets/nft/worldwide7Stuchlík, J., Dvořáková, V., & Veselská, Š. (2023). J&T Banka Art Report 2023. https://sberatele.artplus.cz/8Vochozka, M., a kolektiv. (2021). Finance podniku: Komplexní pojetí. Grada Publishing a.s. ISBN 978-80-271-3267-6.9Wang, H., Jiao, S., Ge, C., & Sun, G. (2024). Corporate ESG rating divergence and excess stock returns. Energy Economics, 129, 107276.1010.1016/j.eneco.2023.107276Yousaf, I., & Yarovaya, L. (2022). Static and dynamic connectedness between NFTs, Defi and other assets: Portfolio implication. Global Finance Journal, 53, 100719.1110.1016/j.gfj.2022.100719Yousaf, I., Gubareva, M., & Teplova, T. (2023). Connectedness of non-fungible tokens and conventional cryptocurrencies with metals. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 68, 101995.1210.1016/j.najef.2023.101995Zhang, M., Zhu, B., Li, Z., Jin, S., & Xia, Y. (2024). Relationships among return and liquidity of cryptocurrencies. Financial Innovation, 10(1), 3.1310.1186/s40854-023-00532-z

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEA company’s competitiveness is influenced by a number of factors, including the suitable training strategy. The effectiveness of a company's training strategy is significantly affected by methods of employee development, among other things. Therefore, this article focuses on which employee development methods are chosen by European companies. Based on a literature review and an analysis of secondary data, the structure of employee development methods in European enterprises is examined. The attitude of firms is analyzed in terms of the use of each method over time from 2005 to 2020 and in terms of firm size. The article provides important insights for further scientific research with regard to the necessity to select appropriate employee development methods. Matching the method with the companies’ requirements can bring an effective training strategy and increase the competitiveness of European companies.2024-08-31768510.2478/acc-2024-0008Corporate trainingTraining methodsCVTSEmployee developmentEmployee training.HanaTrávníčkováhana.travnickova@tul.cz1Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration and ManagementAUTHORAbu Rumman, A., Al-Abbadi, L., & Alshawabkeh, R. (2020). The impact of human resource development practices on employee engagement and performance in Jordanian family restaurants. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18, 130–140.110.21511/ppm.18(1).2020.12Adula, M., Kant, S., & Birbirsa, Z. A. (2023). Effects of Training on Organizational Performance in the Ethiopian Textile Industry: Interview Based Investigation Using MAXQDA. Irasd Journal of Management.210.52131/jom.2023.0501.0103Alipour, M., Salehi, M., & Shahnavaz, A. (2009). A Study of on the Job Training Effectiveness: Empirical Evidence of Iran. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(11), Article 11.310.5539/ijbm.v4n11p63Ambasz, D., Gupta, A., & Patrinos, H. A. (2023). A Review of Human Development and Environmental Outcomes.410.1596/1813-9450-10438Armstrong, M. (2022). Armstrong’s handbook of learning and development: A guide to the theory and practice of L&D. Kogan Page Inc.5Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (3rd ed). The University of Chicago Press.6Bilderback, S. (2023). Integrating training for organizational sustainability: The application of Sustainable Development Goals globally. European Journal of Training and Development.710.1108/EJTD-01-2023-0005Chen, N., Zhao, X., Guo, B., & Sun, C. (2024). A Method to Facilitate the Regeneration of Human Resources: A Sustainability Perspective. Sustainability, 16(4).810.3390/su16041648EUROSTAT. (2022, November 30). Share of training enterprises decreases in 2020. EUROSTAT. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/DDN-20221130-29EUROSTAT. (2023a). CVTS. Glossary:Continuing Vocational Training Survey (CVTS). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Continuing_vocational_training_survey_(CVTS)10EUROSTAT. (2023b, January 5). Eurostat Data Browser. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/explore/all/popul?lang=en&subtheme=educ.educ_part.trng_cvt.trng_cvt_00&display=list&sort=category&extractionId=TRNG_CVT_01S11Hager, P. J. (2012). Formal Learning. In N. M. Seel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 1314–1316). Springer US.1210.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_160Hidayat, A., & Aziz, M. A. (2022). The Role of Job Training in Improving Employee Performance. Adpebi International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 1(1), Article 1.1310.54099/aijms.v1i1.186Koubek, J. (2012). Řízení lidských zdrojů, Základy moderní personalistiky. Management Press.14Maršíková, K., Rajander, T., Clauss, A.-M., Forkel, E., Medžiūnienė, I., Dulkė, D., Meschitti, V., Davies, J., Štichhauerová, E., Schumann, C., Richter, M., Macháčková, V., Komulainen, R., & Moš, O. (2019). People management challenges for SMEs in five European regions: Spotlighting the (in)visible and the (in)formal and embedding SME HR issues firmly in the business and knowledge environment. University of Huddersfield. https://sharpen.ef.tul.cz/index.php?content=outputs_main_315OECD. (2021). Training in Enterprises: New Evidence from 100 Case Studies. OECD.1610.1787/1bb97158-enPage, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … McKenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n160.1710.1136/bmj.n160Timsal, A., Awais, M., & Shoaib, O. (2016). On job Training and Its Effectiveness: An Employee Perspective. South Asian Journal of Banking & Social Sciences, 02.18Trávníčková, H., & Maršíková, K. (2023a). Non Provision of Training and Sustainability: Small-Sized Companies in the EU Context. Liberec Economic Forum 2023, 583–590.1910.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-62Trávníčková, H., & Maršíková, K. (2023b). On-the-Job and Off-the-Job Training in European Companies Context (J. Maci, P. Maresova, K. Firlej, & I. Soukal, Eds.; pp. 747–758).2010.36689/uhk/hed/2023-01-070Urbancová, H., & Vrabcová, P. (2023). Strategický management lidských zdrojů (1st ed). Grada Publishing a.s. van Assen, M. F. (2021).21van Assen, M. F. (2021). Training, employee involvement and continuous improvement – the moderating effect of a common improvement method. 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ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe circular economy plays an important role in delivering on the commitment set out in the Green Deal for Europe. One of its key priorities is plastics - an important material that is ubiquitous in the economy and everyday life due to its functions. The production, use, and consumption of plastics have a negative impact on the environment, generating greenhouse gas emissions and reducing the supply of non-renewable raw materials. The change towards a circular economy, which is intended to preserve the value of products and materials for as long as possible, is to be supported by a hierarchy of waste management methods. The priority is waste prevention, while reuse and recycling are other appropriate ways. The paper presents how the Liberec Region is managing to meet the commitments of the Green Deal for Europe. Every individual can contribute to the implementation by changing their thinking and creative approach. An example is the upcycling of a plastic bottle, where the bottle is not perceived as waste but as a material for creating a new product with a higher use value.2024-08-31879510.2478/acc-2024-0009Circular economyEducationPlasticsUpcyclingWasteWorkshopEvaŠírováeva.sirova@tul.cz1Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration and ManagementAUTHORMagdalenaZbránkovámagdalena.zbrankova@tul.cz2Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration and ManagementAUTHORCaldera, S., Jayasinghe, R., Desha, C., Dawes, L., & Ferguson, S. (2022). Evaluating Barriers, Enablers and Opportunities for Closing the Loop through ‘Waste Upcycling’: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems. 10(1), 1080367. https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d8.03671Cenia. (2021). 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