ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe aim of the paper is to show how the application of genre-based frameworks, based on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) schools of genre, can be used in the teaching of professional and academic writing. Many students lack practical experience and that is way they have a poor awareness of professional writing as they have not yet been sufficiently exposed to work-place routines. Furthermore, they also struggle with their academic assignments in English. The paper will show how genre-based frameworks can be practically applied to teaching writing used in task instructions and as marking criteria.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_01.pdf2015-12-3171210.15240/tul/004/2015-3-001PaulaGibson1AUTHORPavlínaPříbramská2AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe aim of this paper is to give a topical overview of the trends, methods and approaches in respect to employee training in companies by presenting primary and secondary data received from surveys. Based on the findings of scientists and HR specialists, employee training is an important form of company investment that generates additional value and increases a firm’s productivity. At the same time, it has an impact on human capital. When training employees, companies can have different motives and use different methods that are described in the first part of this paper. The second part of the paper compares the position of training in European companies and those in the U.S. The last part introduces the methods and reasons for training based on a sample of Czech respondents. The results show that in some Czech companies, the training scheme is not systematic or does not exist at all. In addition, secondary data from the surveys point out that there is a significant number of companies that do not provide any training at all.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_02.pdf2015-12-31132310.15240/tul/004/2015-3-002KateřinaMaršíková1AUTHOREvaŠlaichová2AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEResearch on the management of community gardens in the Czech Republic was realized within the framework of a broader research plan. We asked research questions about their economic self-sufficiency and sustainability, paying attention to the equipment and operation of gardens, resources for investment and operation and disclosure of information about their operations. We found that starting gardens required support from the external environment, after which they are operationally self-sufficient. However, their economic self-sufficiency and sustainability are subject to the current social, economic and political situation.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_03.pdf2015-12-31243210.15240/tul/004/2015-3-003EliškaNovotná1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe aim of the study was to explore the Polish physical education students’ opinion on their ability to conduct tourism classes as part of the obligatory physical education classes in school education. The authors also tried to determine the students’ preferred paradigm of a school tourism teacher. The study was performed among all 1st year students of the 2nd degree studies after completing the subject of school tourism, which is taught within a 30-hour course and ended with an examination. The methods of a diagnostic poll and a questionnaire were applied, with the HGK/PO-2009/10-II/I/IS questionnaire prepared by the authors. The study was anonymous and voluntary, and involved 114 students.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_04.pdf2015-12-31334610.15240/tul/004/2015-3-004PiotrOleśniewicz1AUTHORHalinaGuła-Kubiszewska2AUTHORJulitaMarkiewicz-Patkowska3AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThis article describes research focused on the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in learning and teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) at universities. A practical design for the implementation of technologies that support the active role of students of foreign languages was created with the aim of strengthening their motivation for learning by applying a cooperative form of work. The empirical research was conducted in the form of a case study that validates the proposed learning activities supported by Web tools in education and provides the information which helps us understand the processes occurring within this specific form of learning. The aim of this work is to enrich the e-learning of foreign languages with the use of currently available Web tools in tasks simulating activities students are apt to encounter after university and to contribute to the development of theoretical knowledge in the field of methodology and ICT in education.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_05.pdf2015-12-31475610.15240/tul/004/2015-3-005StanislavaPavlíková1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLERisk communication in cyberspace can have immediate negative consequences for its participants, in more serious cases it has a character of lawless action. In case of children, more serious forms of risk communication, such as cyberbullying or the child grooming, negatively affect the healthy development of the child. For example, they can influence children's upbringing and cause a decline of his/her school success. In the most serious cases, the risk communication in cyberspace can lead to serious long-term disruption of the victim's personality or even in her/his suicide. Social workers should have a general knowledge about risk communication, about its prevention, treatment and management of the consequences, since the consequences of risk communication are reflected in the social area. Social workers are involved in realization of consecutive measures to reduce the impact of serious risk behaviour.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_06.pdf2015-12-31577010.15240/tul/004/2015-3-006PavelPešat1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe paper presents the activities and results of the European project “JASNĚ-Alles klar!”, a cooperation of the departmens for continuing education and languages of the universities in Dresden, Prague/Liberec, Bratislava and Kraków, the Academy of the Province of Lower Austria, the Czech-German and Polish-German Chamber of Industry and Commerce, and the multimedia producers fictionfarmer. The main focus of the project work and thus of the paper are the design of profiles of vocational language and communication competencies resulting in action-oriented language learning modules for professionals. Finally, the piloting of the modules in various learning and teaching scenarios is discussed.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_07.pdf2015-12-31717510.15240/tul/004/2015-3-007KarinSchöne1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEOne of the sources of mistakes in English to Czech translations has its roots in the different degree of condensation which is closely related to the use of non-finite verb phrases. The problem is further intensified by differences in the means used to comply with the functional sentence perspective. Teachers of foreign languages, although not primarily trained in translation, are often required to translate by their students or school authorities. This paper focuses on the most common mistakes teacher trainees make when translating non-finite phrases referring to the present or future and mainly to the past. By means of goal directed test translations, mistakes made by students are collected, analysed, and possible correct translations are suggested and discussed. Such analyses used in the classroom facilitate students’ awareness of the key structural differences and leads to significant improvement in their translation performance.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_08.pdf2015-12-31768510.15240/tul/004/2015-3-008RenataŠimůnková1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe Faculty of Economics of the Technical University of Liberec (TUL) was one of the partner institutions involved in the IMPACT project, the principal investigator of which was Masaryk University in Brno. The Project IMPACT – i.e. Innovation, Methodology and Quality of Language Education and Professional Education in Foreign Languages in the Tertiary Sphere in the Czech Republic – focused on improving the quality of selected language courses at the TUL, establishing methods of blended-learning in language teaching and on introducing new standards into the final language testing.This article compares the results of final tests in English and German in the academic year 2014/2015. It evaluates the level of language tests in connection with the corrective measures applied within the 1st and 2nd pilot studies.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_09.pdf2015-12-31869510.15240/tul/004/2015-3-009IrenaVlčková1AUTHORHelenaNeumannová2AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe author presents the thesis that it is possible to standardize language teaching through text types and formulas as a part of the linguistic reality in which the language user moves. In her empirical research, the author describes the extent of use and processing of text types in teaching Czech as a foreign language and by subsequent analysis of specific texts she comes to generalizing written texts in the form of text patterns. Each text formula is then elaborated on several levels (lexical, grammatical etc.), and in connection with the descriptors of the Common European Framework allows us to create a language course syllabus according to specific requirements.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_10.pdf2015-12-319710510.15240/tul/004/2015-3-010MichalaBartošová1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe main goal is to analyse perception of quality of housing and territorial differentiation of the human capital in the Liberec region (Liberecký kraj) at the beginning of the 21st century. The survey is based on constructed aggregate indexes, which aspire to describe important spatial differentiations in quality of housing and human capital measured on the level of municipalities and microregions. Aggregate indexes of the quality of housing rely on our own housing quality definition based on interdisciplinaryity and complexity of this topic, whereas definition and indicators of the quality of human capital are assumed from other publications. In this thesis, there are two main methodologies based on collecting, analysis and valuation of the statistical data on the one hand and preparing, execution and valuation of questionnaires on the other hand. The results approve high housing quality in central areas, which are currently very intensively developed.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_11.pdf2015-12-3110612410.15240/tul/004/2015-3-011JanBaxa1AUTHORPavelChromý2AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLECompetition is the rivalry among sellers trying to achieve such goals as increasing profits, market share, and sales volume by varying the elements of the marketing mix: price, product, distribution, and promotion. Unfair competition in a sense means that the competitors compete on unequal terms, because favourable or disadvantageous conditions are applied to some competitors but not to others; or that the actions of some competitors actively harm the position of others with respect to their ability to compete on equal and fair terms. The gains of some participants cause loss to others, when the gains are made in ways which are illegitimate or unjust. The legislation related to this question in selected EU states is briefly presented.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_12.pdf2015-12-3112513210.15240/tul/004/2015-3-012ZdeňkaBeranová1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe study presents the theme of the massacre of Nestorian Assyrians in Iraq between the wars which occured in the year 1933 in the town of Simmel and the adjacent settlements. The number of victims of these animosities is estimated to be up to 3000. The study describes the substantial contribution of the Iraqi army in this crime and the lack of reflection on the Assyrian question by League of Nations and Great Britain whose army was present in Iraq. The Simmel massacre pointed out the antiassyrian unity of the fragmented Iraqi society and resulted in the mass emigration of Assyrians from northern Iraq and the transfer of the Assyrian Nestorian patriarch to exile abroad. The author is primarily focused on ethno-religious and international-political causes and consequences of the massacre. He also points out the importance of the Simmel tragedy in the creation of the term genocide and its introduction to international legal documents.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_13.pdf2015-12-3113314210.15240/tul/004/2015-3-013ArturBoháč1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEWarm-up activities play a great role in language teaching. They are the springboards for the new materials to be presented. Before going for a run, we do not force ourselves to jump out of the front door and sprint straight up the hill. Instead, we walk briskly for a few minutes before we break into a jog. Likewise, we should not start off English classes by plunging directly into a lesson. We should prefer a gentler approach of easing students into what might be their first English thoughts of the day. So, we start every class with a warm-up activity. Otherwise, we cannot get the clear image when the right frequency is not found.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_14.pdf2015-12-3114314710.15240/tul/004/2015-3-014AyhanDiril1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEPhysical education and its means were the essence of survival in the past, and it is no different today with sophisticated deeper reflections of human survival in relation to the constitution of philosophy of movement. This study addresses partial analysis in relation to higher education with focus on physical education in the Slovak Republic in each stage of development of the society to the present day. The formation of ideas and ideological platforms in specific developmental turning points of higher education, as well as the forming of harmonious development of the personalities of college students are in the core of this study. Academic fundamentals present conditions, as well as staffing of physical education, and also the exploration of fundamental base for its future direction in higher education in the field of sport in Slovakia. The intension is to seek starting points for the development of physical education as a prerequisite for good health and quality lifestyle of university students, as a potential for vigorous running of the society.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_15.pdf2015-12-3114815910.15240/tul/004/2015-3-015ĽudmilaJančoková1AUTHORBoženaPaugschová2AUTHORElenaBendíková3AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEAs linguists and teachers we are confronted with the expression of communicative competence and its own essence on a daily basis. Not only are we confronted with our own communicative competence, but also with our students’ communicative competence from various points of view, especially that of applied linguistics. This philosophical dimension, which we neglect slightly, goes hand in hand with language and communicative competence. The aim of this article is to briefly outline how past and current philosophers understood and understand communicative competence and the inseparable language.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_16.pdf2015-12-3116016710.15240/tul/004/2015-3-016MartinLachout1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThis article describes empirical research of rumour in the first half of the 20th century. These decades were full of seminal works affecting research in following years not only in this field. It is shown that the most important aspect of rumour research was forensic psychology, mainly research on memory, perception and reception of information. By this time rumour was considered as distorted information and was studied in this way. The article discusses the most significant research in this field – Allport and Postman’s experiments – and reflects them in the following scientific discussion. It also shows rare opinions of a few sociologists which envisage rumour as collective phenomena. Although rumour isn’t considered as distorted information nowadays, the research of the first decades of the 20th century functions as a canvas of today’s knowledge on this topic.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2015_3_17.pdf2015-12-3116817910.15240/tul/004/2015-3-017KateřinaSoukalová1AUTHOR