ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe language of the Internet Relay Chat (further IRC), which means instant synchronous conversation on the Internet, attracts attention of linguists thanks to its world-wide usage and massive development. The article briefly evaluates and discusses the language of this media from the point of view of turn-taking strategies. A major concern is how chat participants use the language that is determined by specific conditions of an Internet chatroom. These conditions are anonymity, exclusively text-based interaction and the absence of audio-visual cues. A model of turn-taking in a spoken conversation is used and applied to the Internet chatting. Various strategies are investigated and compared, qualitative and quantitative analyses are carried out to determine the relationship between individual turn-taking strategies. In conclusion, the findings with respect to the distinctive character of the medium are summarized.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_01.pdf2017-12-3171410.15240/tul/004/2017-3-001IRCConversation analysisTurn-taking strategiesCorpusTurnInternet chatroomŠárkaHastrdlová1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe starting point for this article is the discussion focusing on interpreting competence and the compilation of selected existing parameters for interpreting evaluation. It is followed by the presentation of the curriculum of the translation specialization forming part of the undergraduate (first-cycle) German studies at the Opole University, which is then used to outline the profile of competence of graduates and the organizational framework of education in respect of consecutive interpreting as part of the so-called international German studies. From this viewpoint, based on her own teaching experience, the article’s author attempts to create the typology of the most common problems encountered during bilateral German/Polish consecutive interpreting in order to draw conclusions that would enable to optimize the education process of consecutive interpreters.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_02.pdf2017-12-31152310.15240/tul/004/2017-3-002Consecutive interpretingQuality criteriaInterpreting competenceTypology of interpreting problemsMałgorzataJokiel1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEIn the paper we focus on the question to what extend the conscious decision of the translators can be realized within the scope of the target culture and the target language. This issue is discussed on the basis of analyses of selected short stories from the collection “Nachtstücke” by the German writer E. T. A. Hoffmann and their translations by the authors of this study into Czech, as compiled into the collection “Noční kousky”. In the analyses the focus is mainly on the correlation between the translation strategies on the syntactic and lexical levels. The aim of the contribution is to point out the contradiction between the subjective decisions of translators and their applications, and to outline the possibilities of compensation across language planes, in this case especially the possibilities of compensating stylistic neutralization at the syntactic level using lexical means.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_03.pdf2017-12-31243810.15240/tul/004/2017-3-003Translation studiesIntertextual coherenceIntratextual coherenceForeignizing strategiesRomantic literatureMarieKrappmann1AUTHORVeronikaPrágerová2AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEFrom the grammatical subsystem point of view, Czech and German show both common and different features, which also concern the implementation of passive diathesis. On the basis of the parallel corpus of Czech and German texts dealing with the issue of European Structural Funds, the passive diathesis is examined contrastively, with special attention to the distribution of prototypical analytical forms (auxiliary verb + passive participle) or various other constructions of passive significance. The frequency of occurrence of these structures and their mutual equivalence is relevant for the given analysis, taking into account the grammatical and lexical means used. The aim of the research is to offer relevant and useful results of both formal and lexical analysis to help translators produce quality texts in the target language.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_04.pdf2017-12-31395810.15240/tul/004/2017-3-004Passive voiceDiathesisGerman languageCzech languageMorphologySyntaxJanaKusová1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe paper is focused on the role of a teacher assistant in inclusive education in the Czech Republic. In the introduction, the authors present basic theoretical information that relates to the solved topic. After the theoretical introduction, some results of research carried out at regular and alternative schools in the Czech Republic (as part of the SGS-FP-TUL 14/2017 project titled “Teacher Assistant for Inclusive Education”) are presented. The results point to interesting facts that are related to teacher assistants’ work and the conception of their role in education of pupils with special educational needs.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_05.pdf2017-12-31596910.15240/tul/004/2017-3-005Passive voiceDiathesisGerman languageCzech languageMorphologySyntaxZuzanaPalounková1AUTHORHanaJoklíková2AUTHORAnnaKaiserová3AUTHORMarkétaKošťáková4AUTHORKateřinaLindová5AUTHORJanaTočíková6AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLELifelong learning is an essential part of the professional life of teachers and, in response to social changes, the content, forms, possibilities and importance of continuing professional development are changing. The article deals with the professional development of teachers, especially English teachers working at universities without a specialization in philology. The study analyses the possibilities and forms of lifelong learning engaged in by teachers from the 1980s to the present, focusing on the impact of information technology on changes in this area. The result of the analysis is the definition of the basic categories into which the lifelong learning activities can be included. Furthermore, major changes in activities within the described period are described highlighting the possibilities created by information technology.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_06.pdf2017-12-31707810.15240/tul/004/2017-3-006Continuing professional developmentForeign language teachingInformation and communication technologiesICTMassive open online coursesMOOCStanislavaPavlíková1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEMany studies have shown that investment in pre-primary education is considered to be important and effective above all. The paper focuses on a quantitative survey that identifies the percentage of children who do not attend or only irregularly attend the kindergarten in the last year of pre-primary education. The research was carried out in the Liberec region in connection with the introduction of compulsory pre-school education. It shows that the introduction of compulsory pre-school attendance could significantly affect the group of socially non-excluded families. Therefore, it is a significant phenomenon, which is currently a bit neglected at the expense of the attention paid to socially disadvantaged families.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_07.pdf2017-12-31798810.15240/tul/004/2017-3-007Pre-primary educationCompulsory pre-school attendanceSocially disadvantaged familyQuantitative investigationHelenaPicková1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe situation in the current translation market requires a smooth way of handling CAT applications, and universities providing translators’ professional training should follow this development. The submitted study deals with new trends in translation and didactics of translation and examines the possibilities and limits of application of computer translation software. Based on selected examples from teaching practice, it turns out that the mechanical and human translation of texts will interact with each other, while the interaction brings along a tendency to multi-layered acceleration of the translation process. In addition, the article analyzes how the working methods of CAT tools are reflected in the translated texts.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_08.pdf2017-12-318910010.15240/tul/004/2017-3-008CAT-SoftwareTranslationTeachingAnalysisMilanPišl1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe article concerns selected aspects of teaching (specialised) translation within German lessons at basic schools and secondary schools in the Czech Republic. Firstly, it outlines the position of translation in the theoretical didactic literature and presentation of its relevance in foreign language teaching. Further, it comments on the space that German textbooks dedicate to translation and the conditions provided to the practice and acquisition of this skill (the overall concept of the textbooks, vocabulary books, bilingually formulated tasks). Various German textbooks for the basic schools and secondary schools are compared according to this criterion. Finally, the article briefly outlines proposals for optimisation of this area in foreign language teaching.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_09.pdf2017-12-3110111710.15240/tul/004/2017-3-009German as a foreign languageTranslationTextbooksExercisesEvaPolášková1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe aim of this study is to explain the term “communication apprehension” that has not yet been precisely defined in Czech professional literature. After the appropriate terminology is defined, in its first part the article focuses on the analysis of the communication barrier perceived by students. In relation with this analysis and on the base of teachers´ experience showing that students take a rather passive approach to learning foreign languages, in its empirical part, the authors of the article concentrate on the question whether the level of communication apprehension experienced by individuals when communicating in their mother tongue may influence their learning a foreign language.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_10.pdf2017-12-3111813310.15240/tul/004/2017-3-010Communication apprehensionForeign languageCommunication apprehension in mother tongueLearning a foreign languageKateřinaSmejkalová1AUTHORJosefSmejkal2AUTHORKateřinaJuráčková3AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEOne of the main differences between English and Czech resides in the fact that an English sentence is much more frequently condensed by means of nominal forms. Moreover, as it has been illustrated by recent research, it is an area where both languages seem to be going through noticeable development resulting in the mentioned differences becoming even more significant. The paper presents results of a comparative study of infinitive verb phrases in English and their reflections in Czech translations. The most frequent functions of the infinitive have been its function as an object and an infinitive of purpose. Other frequent functions included a postmodification of a noun or an adjective and an infinitive after a copula verb. The most tightly corresponding form of translation was that of the infinitive of purpose which in 70 percent of cases was translated as a subordinate adverbial clause of purpose.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_11.pdf2017-12-3113414810.15240/tul/004/2017-3-011Non-finite verb phraseInfinitiveTranslationCondensationComparisonRenataŠimůnková1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEIn the social field, responsible corporate behavior also focuses on the approach to employees. The psychological and social approach of human resource management is historically based on human relations school defining requirements for the personality of managers, ways of communicating, managing employee relationships across the organizational structure, and ways to secure a social work environment to achieve corporate goals. The paper focuses on modern information technology, called the enterprise social network, and its ability to use executives to provide a social pillar in an enterprise. The aim of the paper is to find out how many enterprises in the Czech Republic use the enterprise social network and to respond to the established research hypothesis regarding the impact of the enterprise social network on the social aspect of the working environment. The methodology of the contribution is based on the questionnaire survey; the basic set included companies using enterprise social network in the Czech Republic. The overall comparison of the acquired data presents current trends and recommends using modern information technologies.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_12.pdf2017-12-3114915710.15240/tul/004/2017-3-012Social pillarEnterprise social networkHuman resource managementBusinessesJanaŠkoludová1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe text discusses jokes through the lenses of pragmatic and contrastive theories and examines jokes as a text. Specifically, it attempts to answer the question why some jokes are hard or almost impossible to be translated to a foreign language and what kinds of jokes are actually too complicated to be translated. The first part of the text describes the author’s methods and goals of the analysis and defines the term ‘joke’. The next part of the paper is dedicated to three central theories of humor. It shows the structure of jokes that works within these basic theories. The examples provided throughout the text come from the Czech and German languages.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_13.pdf2017-12-3115816510.15240/tul/004/2017-3-013JokesLinguisticsPragmaticsContrastive linguisticsGerman languageMichaelaVoltrová1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe submitted study presents the phenomenon of divided cities which is closely connected with the Central European space and its historical and political issues, related to the specific environment of the town of Těšín (Český Těšín/Cieszyn). In the first chapter, the author focuses on the theoretical framework of the phenomenon of divided cities. Although it is an examined issue, there are many terminological ambiguities. In its other parts the article outlines geography and the complex history of the two times divided city and attempts to connect them with specific typology of divided cities. Apart from that, the author, due to his professional orientation, focuses mainly on the international, political, geopolitical and ethnic connections of Těšín and Těšínsko region. Attention is also paid to the functioning of Těšín within the European Union, which has long been trying to suppress the influence of national borders and feelings of historical injustice among European nations.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_14.pdf2017-12-3116718010.15240/tul/004/2017-3-014Divided citiesTěšínBorderConflictCooperationArturBoháč1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLELexical compounds may represent particular challenges to both the reception and the translation process. Whereas the formal structure of German compounds is relatively clear-cut, English compounds may considerably vary in their graphematic representation as well as in the arrangement of their lexical constituents. In this article, typical examples of lexical compounds selected from English-German/German-English specialist dictionaries in the fields of economics, science/engineering and computer science are contrasted in order to focus on obvious differences in the way of their terminological designation. Based on these contrastive analyses, we suggest a suitable approach to translating such complex lexical entities from English to German.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_15.pdf2017-12-3118118810.15240/tul/004/2017-3-015Lexical compoundsGraphematic representationContrastive analysisLexical constituentsTerminological designationMatthiasDopleb1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEIt is natural that individual languages differ from one another. The differences make languages independent. Language interference occurs when the native language system and the foreign language system overlap, penetrating elements of one language into the other’s system. The interference is conditioned by various factors, such as: 1) lack of mastery of the foreign language; 2) considerable similarity between mother tongue and a foreign language; 3) lack of concentration of the speaker. This article aims to highlight common mechanisms that form the basis for interference and its frequent consequences.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_16.pdf2017-12-3118920110.15240/tul/004/2017-3-016OverlappingAdstrateSubstrateSuperstrateSystemsIngo T.Herzig1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEVerbs expressing change of size, reflecting the constant change in business processes, are an important part of the German business language. In the article, semantic features controlling the collocability of some problematic verbs are defined. The comparison of German metaphorical verbs expressing change of size and their Czech equivalents shows that only half of Czech verbs are metaphoric. Among the most common German verbs, however, verbs that are stylistically neutral predominate. Those are particularly relevant to the pedagogical process.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_17.pdf2017-12-3120221210.15240/tul/004/2017-3-017Verbs of economic growth and declineMetaphorically used verbsBusiness languageVěraHöppnerová1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLESamuel P. Huntington’s famous book, “The Clash of Civilizations”, has evoked controversy since it was first published. Many authors have referred to this work in a different way: some have taken it as a paradigm, some regarded it as a theory, others (including Huntington himself) as a hypothetical scenario of a possible future. If scientific theory is a mark of objective knowledge, the question of whether scientific theory, a metaphysical narrative without conclusive evidence in practice, or a mere cluster of impressions, opinions, and perceptions of the author, is a cardinal meaning for determining how to handle a particular product of scientific thought . The aim of this article is to justify the fact that the objectivity of the idea of the clash of civilizations cannot be overestimated, because Popper’s methodology of science is a well-written metaphysical narrative that nevertheless generates new provocative and bold hypotheses with the potential to become a scientific theory.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_18.pdf2017-12-3121322210.15240/tul/004/2017-3-018Sir K. R. PopperPopper’s razorFalsifiabilityS. P. HuntingtonThe Clash of CivilizationsMethodology of scienceMiroslavJurásek1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe paper presents information about the Czech-Polish workshop for students of the Faculty of Economics of the Technical University of Liberec and students of the University of Economics in Wroclaw / Jelenia Góra realized under the Interreg program. The author emphasizes the importance of international cooperation of border universities with regard to the applicability of graduates in practice and the motivation of students to stay in the region after graduation.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_19.pdf2017-12-3122322610.15240/tul/004/2017-3-019Cross-border cooperationMotivation for regional businessCooperation of higher education institutionsIncreasing of the qualifications of university studentsRegional developmentHelenaNeumannová1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEWordplays, idiomatic expressions, and phraseologisms in general often pose a challenge for every translator. It is mostly in jokes, advertisements, and fictional literary texts written in a playful style that they encounter a number of pragmatic, culturally specific, and other problems that present a difficult task. This paper draws attention to some interesting questions and obstacles that the translator must deal with when translating idiomatic expressions.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_20.pdf2017-12-3122723510.15240/tul/004/2017-3-020WordplayIdiomatic phrasePhraseologismTranslationContrastive comparisonGabrielaRykalová1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEIn Polish language, as well as in Czech and German, diminutives are a highly productive category of wordbuilding. Polish and Czech, however, make much more use of these means than German. The numerous differences between the three neighbored languages – in this case: features that are characteristic for the application of diminutive forms in Polish, Czech and German – have aroused not only through processes of lexicalization and neutralization. In many cases we have to deal with so-called ʻlexis without an equivalentʼ (realia). In Contrastive Linguistics, diminutives can be analyzed from various aspects. The shown analysis leads to the conclusion that typological, semantic, pragmatic and lexicographic approaches should be equally regarded. It is an urgent desideratum of research to take into account to a far greater extent diminutive lexemes than has been the case up to now.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_21.pdf2017-12-3123624510.15240/tul/004/2017-3-021Contrastive linguisticsDiminutiveLexicalisationNeutralisationRealiaDanutaRytel-Schwarz1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe influence of national cultures is of great importance in all kinds of scientific translation. It seems that not only literary translations, but also scientific translations, are interlingual and intercultural processes. Both literary and non-literary texts may include so-called realia. Translators and interpreters as ideal cultural brokers may gain experience with a flexible bridging role which incorporates language and cultural mediation of scientific discourse. It should be perceived as a unique opportunity for the development of cultural and language competence in lifelong praxis. Only full language and cultural awareness can guarantee that all modifications of a source text to the target culture are included in a broad spectrum, be it scientific articles, commercials or mass media texts.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_22.pdf2017-12-3124625410.15240/tul/004/2017-3-022RealiaVerbal communicationNonverbal communicationTranslator educationInterpreter educationIntercultural professional communicationCompetence profileTypes of professional textsDušanTellinger1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe Faculty of Economics of the Technical University of Liberec and the University of West Saxony in Zwickau (Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau in Germany) have set a common goal: to equip their graduates through a joint project not only with flexible expertise but also language competencies with an intercultural and communicative focus on practice in the Czech-Saxon border region. The aim of the three-year project “ProFit in Profession – Language and Professional Sensitization During Studies” supported by the European Regional Development Fund is to improve the chances of university graduates to successfully enter the regional and boarder job market. The paper deals with the analysis of the current state of teaching German for Specific Purposes and justifies the inclusion of new components in teaching. The paper also describes activities that will support the already existing cross-border cooperation between the two universities and encourage students to intensively study the language of the neighbouring country.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_23.pdf2017-12-3125526010.15240/tul/004/2017-3-023Cross-border cooperationEducation for regional businessCooperation of higher education institutionsIncreasing of the qualifications of university studentsRegional developmentIrenaVlčková1AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe aim of the article is to introduce Count Albert Joseph Hodic as an author writing in German. Although his literary work has been preserved only in a torso form, it offers insight into the work of this author at the turn of baroque and enlightenment. The preserved Hodic’s poems are intertwined by the influences of both artistic epochs and reflect Hodic’s views of life. Hodic’s literary work can be seen as part of his cultural activities aimed at creating a castle garden full of works of art and at the same time the atmosphere that attracted many distinguished guests to Silesian Rudoltice in the second half of the 18th century. Last but not least, the artistic climate was completed with theatrical, ballet and opera performances partly written by Hodic himself.https://acc-ern.tul.cz/archiv/PDF/ACC_2017_3_24.pdf2017-12-3126126810.15240/tul/004/2017-3-024Count Albert Joseph HoditzLiterary workRosswald CastleCultural contribution of Count Albert Joseph HoditzIvetaZlá1AUTHOR